Oriental Journal of Biology and Chemistry

DETERIORATING AIR QUALITY IN LARGE CITIES AND AN INCREASE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Farida Azizova — 2025-04-24

This article analyzes the relationship between poor air quality in large cities and an increase in cardiovascular disease. The link between air pollution and cardiovascular health has been proven by numerous scientific studies, and this problem affects not only physical but also mental health. Studies show that air pollution leads to an increase in cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure, stroke and heart attack, in large cities. The article examines the main factors of air pollution, including industrial emissions, road traffic and construction work, and also highlights effective measures to reduce the negative effects of this problem, such as strengthening environmental policies, expanding green areas and increasing the environmental literacy of the population. The article shows the importance of improving urban ecology and public health.

ANALYSIS OF INTERSPECIFIC COTTON HYBRIDS USING SSR MARKERS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMOSOME-SUBSTITUTED HYBRIDS

Rukhsora Khalimova — 2025-11-05

In Uzbekistan, innovative developments in agricultural production, the introduction of new genetic methods are actively working to create disease-resistant, high-yielding plant varieties. In particular, the Action Strategy for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan sets the tasks of "introduction of intensive methods in agricultural production and the creation of new selective varieties adapted to local climatic and environmental conditions." Scientists are stepping up research on these tasks. The reason why G.hirsutum L. type of cotton is in the center of attention of scientists is that the varieties belonging to this species differ from other species by their diversity, but at the same time the varieties belonging to this species have many features in agriculture. may not have sufficient effect in use, including varieties of this type are not superior to varieties of G.barbadense L. type in terms of fiber quality. And its resistance to various environmental conditions and cotton pests poses a new challenge to genetic scientists. G.barbadense L. The genes resc ponsible for fiber length, toughness, and softness are significantly superior to the varieties of G.hirsutum L., which are widely grown in many respects for the fine-grained characteristics of G. barbadense L. Attempts to transfer (introgress) from the genus G. hirsutum L. to the genome of the species by the method of interspecific hybridization are hampered by infertility, disorders of the separation process and limited recombination due to partial mismatch between these two cultivated allotetraploid cotton species.Dess was to identify univalent chromosomes of SSR hybrid plants using SSR markers and cross-linked aneuploid lines of G. hirsutum L. genus with G. barbadense L. genus Pima 3-79 and which chromosome in hybrids determine the exchange.

Aneuploid lines belonging to the G.hirsutum L. genus of cotton were obtained by cross-mixing F1 hybrid plants with the Pima 3-79 line belonging to the G.barbadense L. species, and identification using SSR markers is the subject of research. DNA separation by STAB method, Gel electrophoresis, PCR, Mathematical statistics, Biomorphological.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR MYOCARDIAL PATHOMORPHOLOGY

Farida Azizova — 2025-09-30

This article examines the impact of long-term environmental stress on the morphological state of the myocardium. The presented data indicate the development of structural changes in cardiac muscle tissue under the influence of environmental pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, and toxic compounds. Special attention is given to pathomorphological changes — myolysis, interstitial fibrosis, mitochondrial disorders, and epigenetic alterations. The importance of early diagnosis and preventive strategies is emphasized in the context of a deteriorating environmental situation.

MSCT ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE WITHIN THE THERAPEUTIC WINDOW

M.M. Baxadirkhanov — 2025-08-30

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, requiring rapid diagnosis and immediate therapy. Multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) is a highly informative, non-invasive diagnostic tool that visualizes cerebral vessels, detects thrombosis and stenosis, and assesses collateral circulation. This article reviews the diagnostic value of MSCTA within the therapeutic window for ischemic stroke, its impact on treatment strategies, and long-term patient prognosis. The capabilities and limitations of the method, as well as prospects for technological advancements, are discussed.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DAILY MELATONIN SECRETION IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Akmal Akhmadjonovich Gaybiyev — 2025-11-05

Metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence among young adults (18–30 years) ranges from 4.8% to 7.0%, with low HDL cholesterol being the most common component. Obesity and related metabolic disturbances continue to rise globally, making MS a major public health concern in youth. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and chronobiotic, regulates circadian rhythms, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Reduced endogenous melatonin levels in MS patients are associated with metabolic dysfunction and endothelial impairment.

SYNTHESIS OF AMIDE-CONTAINING OLIGOMERS FROM WASTE POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE VIA ETHANOLAMINE AMINOLYSIS AND THEIR USE AS INHIBITORS AGAINST MINERAL SCALE DEPOSITION IN OIL FIELDS

Laziza Qahramonovna Meyliyeva — 2025-10-28

This study investigates the synthesis of amide-containing oligomers through the aminolysis of secondary polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with ethanolamine. Optimization of reaction conditions (temperature 130–190°C, duration 4–6 hours, molar ratio 1:3 to 1:7) allowed obtaining high yields (up to 85%) and products with low viscosity. The synthesized oligomers, in combination with HCl acid, were applied as inhibitors against mineral scale deposition in oil field environments, showing 70–80% inhibition efficiency against calcium carbonate and sulfate scales. Structural and molecular weight distribution (Mw ≈ 800–1200 Da) were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This approach not only addresses PET waste management but also provides an eco-friendly alternative for oilfield inhibitors, reducing environmental impact.

ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN URBAN SETTINGS DURING TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS

Muso Boltaevich Urinov — 2025-09-12

Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are short-term but significant episodes of cerebral blood circulation disorders that are considered a precursor to the development of ischemic stroke. Despite the rapid recovery of neurological functions, a large proportion of patients who experience TIA retain cognitive and neuropsychological impairments. These impairments affect quality of life, work capacity, and increase the risk of recurrent vascular events (1,2).