One of the most common groups among speech acts is the act of apology. Apologizing is one of the requirements of verbal etiquette, which is an indicator of politeness. In general, the pragmatic concept of “apology” is fully reflected in the speech. Apology is one of the most important categories of speech etiquette and is a commonly used speech act.

The article analyzes the components, formulas, a specific place, the rules of etiquette for the act of apology in Korean and Uzbek linguistic culture, expressions that reflect the hierarchical relationship between asking for an apology and accepting an apology.

This article analyzes the unique characteristics of world languages. While languages differ from each other in phonetic, grammatical, and lexical aspects, their classification and development are also of great significance. The article explores the genealogical and typological classification of languages, their phonetic features, grammatical structure, and distinctive lexical characteristics. Additionally, this article examines the unique features of the Korean language. Korean stands out from other languages due to its grammatical structure, phonetic characteristics, writing system, and lexical composition. The article provides information on the origins of the Korean language, its genealogical classification, and its connections with other languages. This study helps to gain a deeper understanding of the linguistic characteristics of the Korean language.

It is known that in teaching a foreign language, there are tools that are actively and constantly used to reveal its cultural aspects. These issues may seem simple and insignificant when taken separately, but together, taken as a whole, they acquire significant importance in the culture of a given nation, serve to restore communication, activate it, and maintain speech activity in the norm. This article is devoted to examining the types and stylistic forms of address units, which are such a delicate point of the Korean language and Korean culture.

In recent years, the demand for Korean language learning in Uzbekistan has grown significantly. However, challenges remain in both the educational environment and teaching methodologies. This study examines the current state of Korean language education institutions and learners in Uzbekistan, identifies key challenges in the field, and proposes a media-based teaching approach as an effective solution.

The sentence is a unit of communication, and it finds in its semantics and structure of a number of specific features, such as intonation and predication. The language model of a sentence, which is realized in a specific speech situation, is subject to various changes, transformations and complications. These changes depend on additional language function of a sentence.

This article analyzes the importance of authentic materials in teaching grammatical categories in the Korean language and how they can be integrated into the learning process. In learning the complex grammatical categories of Korean, authentic materials, such as texts used in real-life language situations, films, TV series, conversations, and online resources, play a crucial role in helping learners acquire the language. Authentic materials allow students to learn not only the theoretical but also the practical application of grammar, and they help them understand the cultural and social contexts of Korea.

Although most foreign language teachers have heard of Blum’s Taxonomy, they do not really know what it is and how effective it is in the teaching process. This article discusses the history of the origin of Blum’s Taxonomy, its purpose, its importance in the development and organization of the teaching process, and methods of its application in classroom activities.

This article examines how the interplay of tradition and innovation shapes contemporary Korean studies. It also analyzes examples of successful integration of classical research with new methods, from digital technologies to interdisciplinary approaches. Thus, the explored dialogue between the past and the future becomes the key to a more complete understanding of Korean identity and its cultural heritage, opening horizons for new interpretations and perspectives in the study of Korea.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the literary characteristics and educational value of modern sijo in order to utilize it in Korean literature education for foreigners. Modern sijo compresses the prosodic features and literary expressions of Korean into a short form, reducing the linguistic burden on learners while enabling in-depth appreciation. Additionally, it is a literary genre where tradition and modernity coexist, and is useful for understanding changes in Korean culture.

An address is a word or phrase that denotes a person or object to which the speech is addressed. The units of address are a sharp, expressive means of conveying various modal meanings, reflecting the speaker's attitude to the listener, actively serving in the exchange of information and widely used in speech activity in our daily life. The article examines the views of Korean linguists on the definition of the concept of conversion. There are also detailed classifications of appeals, which are classified based on the independent opinion of Korean linguists.

This article explores the impact of digital technologies on the Korean language, including the formation of new vocabulary, changes in internet communication, and the spread of transliteration. It also discusses the benefits and risks of language digitalization in education and culture.

Han Kang’s works are characterized not only by their literary context and creative storytelling but also by their detailed incorporation of artistic and cultural elements. This paper examines the interrelationship between art and literature, focusing on The Vegetarian and Greek Lessons. It explores how these elements can be utilized in contemporary Korean literature education. In particular, the study analyzes how artistic motifs within the texts express the protagonists’ identities and emotions, proposing a new pedagogical approach that integrates literature and art in literary education.

Language data produced by learners of foreign languages is called a learner's corpus. Among these, if the target of learning is Korean, it is referred to as a Korean learner’s corpus. A notable feature of the Korean learner’s corpus is that it is developed and provided by the government. This corpus is made available in its entirety with resolved copyright issues, and it also offers a web-based search tool that supports researchers. However, if there is no understanding of how the corpus was constructed, there is a critical risk that the research outcomes may lack credibility. Therefore, this study outlines precautions when using the Korean learner’s corpus. First, it is necessary to check the guidelines in the published report from when the corpus was created; second, it is important to identify features that are not stated in the report by using the search function of the corpus; and third, it is emphasized that users must make personal efforts to understand the characteristics of the corpus they are using.

This article analyzes the functional equivalents of the auxiliary verb 대다 in the Korean language. This verb serves as one of the means to express the repetitiveness, intensity, and duration of an action. The article examines the comparison of this verb with other grammatical constructions, issues of equivalence in the translation process, and corresponding forms in other languages. Through examples, the role of 대다 in speech and its functional characteristics are highlighted.

This study examines the Korean language education plan using the literature Museum. Cho Myung-hee Literature Museum in Korea has the advantage of being able to access Korean and Korean literature in a variety of ways, so we discuss the possibility of Korean language education.

This article explores the cultural and literary exchange between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea established after Uzbekistan gained independence. In particular, it examines the translation of one of the most prominent Uzbek classical novels — O‘tgan kunlar (The Days Gone By) by Abdulla Qodiriy — into the Korean language. The author discusses historical and spiritual parallels between the two nations as reflected in their modern literary works. Through the analysis of the translation process, source comparison, and field research trips, the article highlights the methods employed to accurately convey the socio-cultural and historical context of the novel. The study also compares O‘tgan kunlar with the Korean writer Yi Kwang-su’s novel Mujong (The Heartless), pointing out common ideological and structural motifs. In addition, the article delves into the philosophical and historical layers of the novel’s composition, linguistic developments, and the role of the Jadid movement in shaping the modern Uzbek literary language.

This article analyzes the representation of historical and national-specific terms in translation and the challenges faced by translators. It highlights that translating historical and national realities is a complex process that requires preserving the original meaning of words belonging to a specific era. Additionally, the importance of the translator's correct approach to the concepts of historicity and national identity is emphasized.

Furthermore, the article pays special attention to the translation of measurement units, currency units, and household items, emphasizing that their accurate translation is crucial for conveying historical authenticity to the reader. The views of translation theory scholars are cited, stressing the need for a careful approach when translating historical and national realities and the importance of using footnotes.

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of phonological phenomena in Uzbek and Korean. For linguistic phonology, pronouncing it correctly is the beginning of learning a language. In phonology, there is not only phonology but also phonological phenomena. Uzbek and Korean phonological phenomena are diverse and do not follow each other.

In this study, the phonological phenomena of Uzbek were investigated in the order of assimilation (tovush o‘zgarishi), addition (tovush qo‘shilish), and omission (tovush tushishi). Korean phonological phenomena were examined in the order of liaison, nasalization, vocalization, hardening, palatalization, aspirated consonantation, addition of “ㄴ” and omission of “ㅎ”.

In his novella Phoenix, Korean writer Lee Mun-yeol portrays the character of a disciple—his life, inner world, and attitude toward art—by comparing it to the life journey of the mythical phoenix bird. Throughout his life, the disciple is inspired by his master to be as passionate and resilient in art as the phoenix, emphasizing that for a true artist, talent and personal worldview are the most essential values. According to the master, ability is the radiance of wisdom, and skill is its outer shell. If wisdom is not followed, ability cannot be fully expressed, and consequently, skill cannot be acquired. Through the symbol of the phoenix, the author sheds light on the master-disciple relationship, highlighting their reverence for the sublimity of art. At the same time, the phoenix serves as a key to understanding the essence of generational conflict.

This article analyzes the grammatical devices used to express assumptions in the Korean language within the TOPIK exam. It examines grammatical constructions such as -ㄹ/을 것이다, -ㄴ/은/는 모양이다, -ㄴ/은/는 가 보다, -ㄹ/을 텐데, and -ㄴ/은/는 척하다, focusing on their usage and contextual application. Based on research findings, the article highlights their significance in expressing probable assumptions about events or situations and their role in the TOPIK exam through specific examples.

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of exclamations expressing emotions and their types in the Korean language. It explores what needs to be acquired to create lively and natural speech in Korean and highlights the crucial role of emotions in this process. The study discusses the various means through which emotions are expressed in Korean, emphasizing the unique role of interjections among them.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of euphemisms in Korean media texts. It examines different types of euphemisms, such as loanwords and figurative speech.

Euphemisms are defined as words or phrases used indirectly to refer to unpleasant, embarrassing, or inappropriate topics, making their expression more neutral.

In media discourse, euphemisms formed at the lexical-semantic and syntactic levels have the most pronounced manipulative effect due to their multifaceted and powerful ability to influence audience perception.

Manipulative techniques make use of all levels of the language system, but they primarily rely on vocabulary.

This article provides a detailed examination of the stages of the Middle Korean language, spanning from the 10th to the 16th century, including the Early and Late Middle Korean periods. It describes the major linguistic changes that occurred during these periods, linguistic stability, Choson-era texts, the transcriptions of Jilin Leishi and Hyangyak Kuguppang, the borrowing of words from Mongolian, the Kugyol system, the rich reserve of Chinese-origin vocabulary in Korean, and the influence of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Neo-Confucianism on the language.

This study examines the current state and prospects for the development of cooperation between Uzbekistan and South Korea. Particular attention is paid to investment projects, labor migration programs, and educational initiatives. The research highlights recent agreements in the fields of culture and tourism, and identifies promising areas for deepening cooperation, including the digital economy, environmental projects, and industrial collaboration.

In this article, the author makes an attempt to reveal the artistic symbolism of fire in Lee San’s novel “December 12^th”. The emphasis is placed on the fact that all the main conflicts in the work, the internal and external contradictions of the characters are projected by the writer onto the symbolic image of fire. The dual essence of fire is emphasized – both a symbol of creation and destruction.