The article examines the morphological and structural classification of verb forms (abwāb al-afʿāl) in Maḥmūd al-Zamakhsharī’s dictionary Asās al-balāgha. Its focus lies on the lexical and semantic shifts produced by form alternation within a single root, that is, by the transition from the bare triliteral pattern to the augmented ones. Drawing on the entries ṭ-l-b, d-r-s, n-f-kh and ḍ-r-b, the study shows that al-Zamakhsharī presents verb forms not as a grammatical paradigm but as a lexicographical device for differentiating meaning: he records only those patterns that were firmly established in actual usage and had acquired a distinct lexical sense. Six semantic types of form alternation specific to Asās al-balāgha are identified and compared with the traditions of al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad and Ibn Fāris. The findings indicate that verbal morphology constitutes one of the principal sources of figurative meaning in the work.

Mahmud al-Zamakhshari, Asas al-Balagha, Arabic lexicography, morphology (sarf), verb forms, mujarrad (basic verb forms), mazid (augmented verb forms), transitivity (ta‘diya), reciprocity/interaction (musharaka), mutawāʿa (passive/reflexive meaning), semantic shift, metaphor.

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