Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

SURKHAN OASIS – A SOURCE OF BAKSHISH AND THEATER ART: FROM HISTORY TO THE PRESENT

2026-05-10T07:23:12+00:00

This article analyzes the unique cultural and spiritual heritage of the Surkhan oasis, specifically the history of the Sherobod school of bakhshi (epic chanting) and the formation of theatrical art in the region. Based on archival data, the study examines the ideological pressures during the Soviet regime, the bans imposed on the “Alpomish” epic, and the struggles to preserve national identity. Furthermore, it highlights the revival of the art of bakhshi during the independence years and the significance of the International Festival of Bakhshi Art held in Termez in safeguarding national values and traditions.

TECHNOLOGIES FOR WORKING WITH INFORMATION SOURCES OF MASS MEDIA IN MEDIA PRACTICE

2026-05-17T06:14:18+00:00

This article studies the technologies of working with information sources by the mass media from a theoretical and practical perspective. The study analyzes the conceptual approaches of foreign and national scientists and studies the application of existing methods in local practice. A survey of journalists and a content analysis of the newspapers "Yangi Uzbekiston" and "Hurriyat" serve as an empirical basis. The results show that a large part of journalists prefer the Internet and social networks as their main sources. Practical proposals are put forward to ensure information verification, hyperlink culture, and source reliability.

MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC PROCEDURAL LAW

2026-05-23T06:27:46+00:00

This article analyzes the importance of economic procedural law in a market economy and its role in the effective resolution of economic disputes in Uzbekistan. It highlights key issues such as gaps in legislation, inconsistencies in judicial practice, and insufficient digitalization of the judicial system. The paper also proposes measures to develop e-justice, strengthen mediation mechanisms, and improve the enforcement of court decisions.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ENSURING THE PROCEDURAL RIGHTS OF MINORS AND A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

2026-05-01T16:30:41+00:00

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of international standards for ensuring the procedural rights of minors and their implementation in national legislation. It examines UN instruments, EU Directive 2016/800, the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as regulatory models in Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, and several CIS countries. Three conceptual approaches are identified: the formal-normative, paternalistic, and functional (child-friendly justice) models. The study argues that international standards recognize minors not merely as objects of protection but as active procedural subjects whose views and psychological condition must have real influence on decision-making. It concludes that international standards should not be mechanically transplanted but substantively adapted and gradually implemented within the national legal framework.

IMPROVING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERAGENCY COOPERATION IN ENSURING ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY IN NEW UZBEKISTAN (BASED ON SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS)”

2026-05-13T15:46:15+00:00

This article examines road traffic accidents that have occurred in our country over the past five years. It also presents the results of sociological surveys conducted to prevent such incidents. Based on an analysis of the survey findings, practical proposals and recommendations have been developed to prevent human-related road traffic accidents through the effective organization of interagency cooperation, as well as to address existing gaps in national legislation in this area.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMING SPIRITUAL AND MORAL QUALITIES IN YOUNG SERVICEMEN

2026-05-19T15:59:26+00:00

This article analyzes the issues of forming the spiritual and moral character of military personnel in the context of today's complex geopolitical processes and spiritual threats. The author examines modern requirements for young military personnel and highlights the scientific and practical foundations for strengthening their ideological immunity and educating them in the spirit of patriotism.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PUBLIC OPINION FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION

2026-05-07T16:46:38+00:00

This article analyzes the specific features of public opinion formation in countries undergoing socio-political transformation processes. During periods of transformation, old institutions and values lose their influence, while new ones have not yet been fully established. It is precisely this transitional stage that gives public opinion such characteristics as instability, polarization, and distrust. The study is based on sociological surveys, focus groups, and expert interviews conducted between 2022 and 2025 in six regions of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city, Tashkent, Samarkand, Fergana, Kashkadarya, and Karakalpakstan). The number of respondents amounted to 1,850 people, with quota sampling based on region, age, and gender. The article identifies five key characteristics typical of the transformational period: polarization of opinions, decline in institutional trust, weakening of the ability to critically evaluate information, increasing inclination toward forms of mass participation, and instability in the dynamics of political expectations. The findings of the study are of practical significance for institutions managing political processes and specialists in public relations.

THE EMERGENCE OF RADICAL MOVEMENTS IN CENTRAL ASIA DURING THE SOVIET “PERESTROIKA” PERIOD

2026-05-17T02:59:19+00:00

The article analyzes the evolution of approaches to religious issues under the conditions of the “Perestroika” reforms implemented by the Soviet government in the second half of the 1980s. The author focuses on the conflict between local Islamic traditions in Central Asia and radical ideas introduced from outside the region. The study reveals the genesis of the “Mujaddidiya” and “Ahl al-Sunna” movements formed in the Fergana Valley, as well as new groups that emerged under the influence of Salafism.

THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND THE UZBEKISTAN MODEL

2026-05-22T03:45:01+00:00

This article provides a comparative analysis of the experiences of developed and developing countries in the field of social protection of the population, examining the system as a complex social institution. The study analyzes Germany’s Bismarck model (conservative-corporatist), Sweden’s Nordic (social-democratic) model, South Korea’s “productivist welfare” model, and China’s targeted poverty reduction experience. Based on G. Esping-Andersen’s welfare regime typology, D. North’s institutional theory, and A. Sen’s capability approach, the significance of these models for improving Uzbekistan’s social protection system is revealed.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND IMPROVING INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION

2026-05-13T04:18:14+00:00

The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of combating human trafficking and the mechanisms of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and state organizations. It highlights the transition of state policy towards a “victim-centered approach” and identifies existing procedural, bureaucratic, and organizational challenges in inter-agency integration. Based on international standards, specific innovative and regional models are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the national referral mechanism.

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL VALUES IN SHAPING THE SPIRITUAL IMMUNITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

2026-05-19T15:45:55+00:00

In this article analyzes the spiritual threats affecting the consciousness of youth in the context of globalization and the role of national values in preventing them. The study highlights the philosophical essence of the concept of “spiritual immunity,” the role of the family, mahalla, and the educational system in the socialization of youth.

POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN: MAIN ASPECTS AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

2026-05-25T14:57:44+00:00

This scientific article examines the formation, development stages, and current state of political and diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It highlights strategic partnership, mutually beneficial cooperation, and the role of both countries in regional security and integration processes in Central Asia. The study analyzes the main directions of bilateral relations, including political, economic, transport-logistics, and cultural-humanitarian cooperation. Furthermore, the prospects for the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries are discussed.

LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES OF ENSURING HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2026-05-07T15:17:18+00:00

This article examines the legal and ethical challenges of ensuring human rights in the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies. Particular attention is paid to issues such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, accountability, and the impact on labor rights. The study highlights both the opportunities and potential risks that artificial intelligence poses to human rights. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to improve legal frameworks and ethical principles for regulating artificial intelligence.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CRIMES RELATED TO VIOLATION OF CUSTOMS LEGISLATION AND EVASION OF TAXES OR FEES

2026-05-15T03:02:37+00:00

This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between crimes stipulated in Articles 182 and 184 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan concerning violations of customs legislation and evasion of taxes or fees. It is substantiated that these acts occupy an important place among crimes against the foundations of the economy. The paper highlights law-enforcement problems caused by the absence of a direct legal definition of “customs duty” in current legislation. The consistency of the Tax Code, Customs Code and Criminal Code norms is scientifically evaluated.

THE CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY

2026-05-21T15:50:37+00:00

This article analyzes the concept and essence of mental (psychological) stability within the framework of modern psychological theories and establishes its direct connection with the field of social work. Psychological stability is defined as a person’s ability to maintain mental balance, resist negative influences, adapt effectively, and recover quickly in conditions of stress, trauma, and psycho-social difficulties. Its main components include emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, social support, and personal resources such as optimism and self-regulation.

THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND MEDICAL CONCEPT OF HEALTH IN IBN SINA’S HERITAGE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE MODERN CULTURE OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

2026-05-12T18:15:08+00:00

The article examines the philosophical and medical concept of health in Ibn Sina’s heritage as an integral system uniting the physical, spiritual, and moral aspects of human existence. It is shown that, in his teaching, health is understood as a dynamic balance maintained through lifestyle, nutrition, movement, sleep, mental state, and the influence of the external environment. Special attention is paid to the doctrine of the six vital factors, which largely correlates with the principles of modern preventive medicine. It is concluded that Ibn Sina’s ideas remain relevant as a philosophical foundation for the culture of health, moderation, and personal responsibility for one’s own condition.

THE RATIONALIST AND HUMANISTIC POTENTIAL OF MATURIDISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ISLAMIC INTELLECTUAL TRADITION OF CENTRAL ASIA

2026-05-19T03:00:06+00:00

The article examines the philosophical and intellectual potential of Maturidism as one of the most significant rationalist traditions of Sunni Islam formed in Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between reason and revelation, the humanistic dimensions of Islamic thought, and the role of the Hanafi-Maturidi tradition in shaping a moderate religious culture in the region. Drawing upon the teachings of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi and Taufiq Ibrahim’s concept of “Qur’anic Humanism,” the study analyzes the importance of knowledge, rational inquiry, and enlightenment within Islamic civilization. The article also explores the historical connection between Maturidism, the educational traditions of Central Asia, Jadid reformism, and processes of modernization. The author argues that rationalist and humanistic values historically contributed to the development of science, education, and cultural progress. In contemporary conditions, the legacy of Maturidism is considered an important intellectual and educational foundation for countering religious extremism and promoting a culture of moderation and critical thinking.

STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN: INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASIS

2026-05-24T13:37:14+00:00

This article analyzes the institutional and organizational framework of state policy in the field of religious education in Uzbekistan. It will cover the regulatory framework governing the religious education system, the activities of authorized state bodies, and the role of educational institutions. Issues of ensuring religious tolerance and developing educational approaches to countering extremism and radicalism will also be considered. The importance of modernizing religious education, implementing international experience, and maintaining the harmony of national values is substantiated. The importance of religious and educational factors in ensuring stability in the field and educating young people is revealed. Attention is paid to the analysis of the concept of education in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the concept of religious and secular education, the right and foundations of education, the possibilities of religious education, the institutional and organizational-legal foundations of religious and secular education.

THE HISTORY OF KESH (SHAHRISABZ) AND THE PERSONALITY OF SHAYKH AL-ISLAM KHOJA ABDURAKHMAN AL-ANSARI: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

2026-05-05T16:45:10+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical and archaeological context of a newly discovered tombstone in Shahrisabz associated with Shaykh al-Islam Khoja Abdurahman al-Ansari. The study integrates archaeological field data, epigraphic analysis, and classical historical sources. Special attention is given to the transformation of Kesh from a rural settlement during the Samanid period into a major urban and intellectual center by the Timurid era. The findings contribute to reconstructing the historical topography of Shahrisabz and identifying key figures in the religious elite of Central Asia.

EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTS OF THE ‘PERFECT HUMAN’ IN THE HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE OF JAPAN

2026-05-14T10:10:15+00:00

This article presents a comprehensive scholarly analysis of the formation and evolution of the concept of the “perfect human” in Japan’s historical and philosophical heritage. The study examines ideas of natural harmony developed within Shintoism (神道 – shinto), approaches to spiritual perfection in Buddhism (仏教 – bukkyō), as well as the ethical norms of Confucianism (儒教 – jukyō) and interpretations of the human ideal within the ethical system of Bushidō (武士道), applying a comparative-philosophical method. The research also analyzes the processes of modernization following the Meiji Restoration (明治) period, as well as the ideas of individualism and enlightenment reflected in the works of Fukuzawa Yukichi. The findings demonstrate that the concept of the “perfect human” in Japan emerged as a synthesis of religious, ethical, and social values, and in the modern era it is manifested in the integration of personal freedom, social responsibility, and intellectual maturity.

This study contributes to a systematic understanding of the evolutionary development of ideas about human perfection in Japanese philosophical thought and deepens the comprehension of intercultural interpretations of the “perfect human” concept.

LEGAL REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2026-05-21T05:46:43+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of labor relations of academic staff in higher education institutions. The aim of the study is to identify the normative-legal framework governing pedagogical labor relations, to reveal existing shortcomings within the current system, and to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for their elimination. The study employs legal, comparative, and systematic analysis methods; the empirical basis includes Uzbekistan's labor legislation, regulatory documents governing higher education, and contract systems of several foreign countries. As a result, practical recommendations were developed concerning the standardization of labor relations, the introduction of a KPI-based evaluation system, the advancement of differential incentive mechanisms, and the strengthening of the legal protection of academic staff.

DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION WITH FOREIGN INVESTORS AND ITS HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KASHKADARYA REGION

2026-05-12T18:04:30+00:00

This article examines the history of meetings held with representatives of business circles from foreign countries who visited the Kashkadarya region with the aim of forming and developing mutual economic relations. The impact of these meetings on the socio-economic development of the region is analyzed, and it is substantiated with scientific evidence that they have served as an important factor in the development of agriculture and industrial sectors in the region.

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK “MADORIK AT-TANZIL” IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE QUR’AN

2026-05-18T03:39:12+00:00

This article analyzes the place and significance of Imam Abu al-Barakat an-Nasafi’s work, “Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqa’iq al-Ta’wil,” in Quranic exegesis. The work is distinguished by its conciseness, profound meanings, and adherence to the Maturidi creed. It thoroughly elucidates the linguistic, jurisprudential, and theological aspects of the verses, making a significant contribution to the development of tafsir science. The study highlights “Madarik al-Tanzil”’s standing among classical tafsirs, its methodological characteristics, and its importance for subsequent generations of scholars.

SPECIFIC ISSUES OF SYSTEMATIZING THE GENERAL THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF SUFISM IN THE VIEWS OF SADIDDIN XAMAVIY

2026-05-23T06:32:51+00:00

This article analyzes information pertaining to the specific issues of systematizing the general theoretical problems of Sufism in the views of Sa'diddin Hamawi, one of the major theoretical representatives of medieval Sufi philosophy who made a worthy contribution to the development of the “Wahdat al-wujud” doctrine. The article also presents analyses dedicated to the mystic's understanding of Sufism and the issues contained within its scope, such as wilayah (sainthood), nubuwwah (prophethood), the imaginal realm (alam al-mithal), and the science of letters (ilm al-huruf), with extensive space given to philosophical interpretations.

THE GREAT SILK ROAD AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL ASIA

2026-05-04T16:10:18+00:00

This article scientifically analyzes the historical and modern role of the Great Silk Road in the economic development of the Central Asian region, the impact of trade routes on the formation of infrastructure and the domestic market. During the study, the characteristics of the ancient and medieval economy, the efficiency of international transit corridors and issues of regional integration are covered in detail.

ISSUES OF IMPROVING NATIONAL LEGISLATION IN ENHANCING YOUTH LEGAL AWARENESS AND CULTURE (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS)

2026-05-13T15:51:43+00:00

This article presents analyses based on the results of surveys conducted among military personnel (employees) of the National Guard and youth in penitentiary institutions. The findings were comprehensively examined, and factors negatively affecting public safety, as well as their underlying causes, were substantiated. The role of family and “street” upbringing in this context is highlighted. Furthermore, practical proposals and recommendations have been developed to address gaps in national legislation in order to enhance youth legal awareness and culture.

LEGAL PROTECTION MECHANISMS FOR THE SAXAUL PLANT IN THE SOUTHERN ARAL SEA REGION

2026-05-20T06:09:10+00:00

This article examines the legal protection mechanisms of the saxaul plant in the Southern Aral Sea region. The study explores the ecological significance of saxaul, its role in preventing desertification, and the existing legal frameworks aimed at its conservation. Special attention is given to state regulatory measures, control mechanisms, and their effectiveness. Based on identified challenges, recommendations are proposed to improve the legal protection system.

PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING PROSECUTORIAL PERSONNEL IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN THREATS

2026-05-08T09:19:54+00:00

This article analyzes the legal, organizational, and practical aspects of training, retraining, and professional development of personnel in the system of prosecution bodies of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article highlights the constitutional and legal foundations of personnel training in prosecution bodies, presidential decrees, orders of the Prosecutor General, as well as the role of the Law Enforcement Academy in this area. In addition, the importance of introducing dual education, distance learning, virtual learning platforms, and practice-oriented problem-based teaching methods is substantiated.

THE CONCEPT OF RELIGIOUS RADICALISM AND THE STAGES OF ITS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

2026-05-17T03:05:06+00:00

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the concept of religious radicalism, its essence, and the stages of its historical formation . The study uncovers the socio-political and psychological factors that contribute to religious radicalization, emphasizing how the distortion of religious ideas negatively impacts social stability, tolerance, and interethnic harmony . Furthermore, it examines the historical roots of radical views, from early theological disputes to modern manifestations, and highlights religious enlightenment as a key factor in prevention.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF NEW UZBEKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY: A PRAGMATIC MODEL SERVING THE INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE

2026-05-23T06:18:56+00:00

This study analyzes Uzbekistan’s foreign policy through the lens of an active, open, pragmatic, and rational approach. It examines the transformation of foreign policy from a declarative framework into a strategic model oriented toward practical outcomes. The study also explores initiatives aimed at developing regional cooperation, advancing the “Central Asia Plus” formats, and elevating cooperation with leading actors such as the United States, the European Union, and China to an institutional level. The essence of foreign policy processes is examined through such concepts as realism, complex interdependence, soft power, two-level diplomacy, and the regional security complex.

THE KARAKALPAKS IN THE WORKS OF 19TH-CENTURY AUTHORS: STUDIES OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE AMU DARYA EXPEDITION OF THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

2026-05-13T15:00:55+00:00

The article examines information about the Karakalpaks contained in the works of participants of the Amu Darya Expedition of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society in the 19th century. It analyzes ethnographic, historical, and statistical-economic materials reflecting the patterns of settlement, economic activities, daily life, and traditional culture of the Karakalpaks. Special attention is paid to descriptions of the natural environment of the Southern Aral Sea region, forms of subsistence, as well as aspects of social organization and everyday life. The study highlights the importance of expedition materials as early scientific sources on the history and ethnography of the Karakalpaks.

SOME PROBLEMS IN THE INVESTIGATION AND COLLECTION OF DAMAGES CAUSED BY VIOLATION OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL EXPERTISE

2026-05-19T15:53:20+00:00

This article examines the problems of recovering damages caused to the environment as a result of violations of ecological expertise requirements during investigation and court proceedings. The legal nature of conditional coefficients established by Government resolutions, their inconsistent application in investigation and judicial practice, and discrepancies in determining the amount of damage are analyzed using specific criminal cases, and proposals for forming a unified practice are put forward.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL ART IN CENTRAL ASIA BEFORE THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD

2026-05-07T15:36:36+00:00

This article analyzes the formation and development of traditional singing art in ancient Central Asia within the context of socio-political and cultural transformations. Particular attention is given to the evolution of musical culture from the Kushan period to the era of the Turkic Khaganate, and the role of urbanization and oral folk traditions. The contribution of prominent Eastern scholars such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, and Safiuddin Urmavi to the development of music theory is examined. Based on archaeological findings, historical sources, and scholarly research, this study highlights the characteristics of musical traditions, instruments, and performance practices. Special emphasis is also placed on the творчество of Borbad Marvazi and his significance in the history of Eastern Music.

THE LIBERATION MOVEMENT OF UZBEK WOMEN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLES OF NURKHON YULDOSHKHUJAYEVA, TURSUNOY SAIDAZIMOVA, AND TOJIKHON SHODIYEVA

2026-05-15T03:12:53+00:00

This article analyzes the entry of women into public life in Uzbekistan at the beginning of the 20th century, in the context of Soviet modernization and the "Attack" movement. The examples of the work of Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva, Tursunoy Saidazimova, and Tojikhon Shodiyeva highlight the courage of women in removing the veil, performing on the theater stage, and in public work. The complex and tragic nature of this process is revealed through traditional patriarchal resistance, honor killings, and Soviet repression. The study shows that these women became important symbols of gender equality and cultural reforms in Uzbek society, but were victimized by coercive Soviet policies.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN’S LABOR ACTIVITY IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF UZBEK SOCIETY

2026-05-22T03:33:38+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethnographic characteristics of women’s labor in Uzbek society, and manifestation within the healthcare system. The study highlights women’s participation mainly in traditional social roles, such as household duties, child-rearing, and local handicraft activities. In addition, the article examines the process by which women’s labor gradually entered collective and professional spheres-particularly the healthcare system-as a result by socio-economic development and the increasing complexity of production relations. The findings demonstrate that the historical and cultural roots of women’s labor play an important role in their modern professional activities and they substantiate the need to ensure gender equality within the healthcare system.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPIRITUAL ESSENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL BASED ON HISTORICAL HERITAGE AND VALUES IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW UZBEKISTAN

2026-05-12T18:19:29+00:00

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of developing the spiritual being of an individual in the context of the New Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the influence of historical heritage and national values on the spiritual development of the individual from a socio-philosophical perspective. The study analyzes the interconnection between spiritual development processes and contemporary social transformations, as well as the challenges of preserving national identity under globalization. It highlights the role of historical memory, cultural heritage, and moral values in shaping the individual’s spiritual world. Based on the findings, scientific conclusions and practical recommendations are proposed for fostering a spiritually mature individual in modern conditions.

STABILIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND STATE POLICY

2026-05-19T03:11:45+00:00

This article discusses the issues of stabilizing interethnic relations and public policy. In an increasingly multicultural and multiethnic society, interethnic relations have become an important issue for politicians and scholars. Drawing on contemporary research, this paper demonstrates the important role of identity, social interactions, and institutional systems in strengthening social cohesion.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAWS OF PEACE IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

2026-05-24T17:23:18+00:00

In this small research paper, the author presents his concept of authorship as an example of the editing and criticism of the political philosophy of the Italian Thinker N. Machiavelli in The Ruler. The essence and roots of N. Machiavelli's advice and recommendations to the ruler are explained, some laws that do not correspond to the essence of humanity and peace are denied, and examples of political wisdom that are suitable for them are presented in the form of opinion, analysis, conclusion, and law. It also presents brief conclusions about the nature of the ruler, his policies, the laws on which he relies in governing the state, the virtues of the ruler, the types of rulers, and the state of peace, a new concept in political philosophy. In this concept, morality itself is proved as a criterion determining the essence - as a law of laws.

SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF BIBLIOTHERAPY IN ENHANCING THE PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW OF YOUNG PEOPLE

2026-05-07T11:13:31+00:00

This article covers studying the socio-philosophical factors of using bibliotherapy in increasing the philosophical worldview of young people, the study of the content and conceptual foundations of increasing the philosophical worldview of young people, clarifying the role and possibilities of bibliotherapy in increasing the philosophical worldview of young people. Proposals and recommendations have also been developed on the tasks and prospects for using bibliotherapy to increase the philosophical worldview of young people in New Uzbekistan.

HISTORY OF VINE GROWING OF THE ANCIENT KHOREZM POPULATION: FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PLACE IN CIVILIZATION

2026-05-14T10:27:05+00:00

This research article examines the emergence of viticulture in the territory of Ancient Khorezm, its agricultural development, and its socioeconomic and cultural significance. Based on an analysis of archaeological, paleobotanical, and written sources, the early stages of viticulture, its connection with irrigation systems, and its role in trade relations are revealed. The influence of Khorezmian viticulture on the development of Central Asian civilization is also assessed.

EMPIRIK TADQIQOTLARDA MA’LUMOTLAR VAKILLIGI: NAMUNAVIYLIK, TARAFKASHLIK VA NATIJALARNI UMUMLASHTIRISH MUAMMOLARI

2026-05-21T15:32:11+00:00

This article methodologically analyzes the problem of data representation in empirical research through the issues of sampling, bias, and generalization of results. The study aims to identify the main factors that determine the role and reliability of empirical data in scientific conclusions. The analysis results demonstrate that in empirical research, the robustness of sampling design, reduction of bias, and clear delineation of generalization boundaries ensure the validity of scientific conclusions. The article presents theoretical insights on improving the methodology of empirical research.

ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION IN HANDLING APPEALS FROM INDIVIDUALS AND LEGAL ENTITIES AT THE PRE-TRIAL STAGE OF CASE PROCEEDINGS

2026-05-12T18:09:50+00:00

This article examines the issues of digitalizing appeals from individuals and legal entities at the pre-trial stage of case proceedings in Uzbekistan. It analyzes the advantages of using digital technologies in receiving, registering, and processing appeals, as well as existing practical challenges and the legal framework. Although digitalization increases efficiency, its improper application may lead to legal disputes and negatively affect the rights of citizens.

THE LIFE AND SCHOLARLY LEGACY OF MUHAMMAD TAQI USMANI

2026-05-18T03:46:39+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive study of the life and scholarly legacy of Muhammad Taqi Usmani, a prominent figure in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, hadith studies, and Islamic economics. The article reveals the scholar's conceptual approaches to the systematization of Islamic knowledge, the application of Sharia rulings to modern socio-economic issues, and the development of Islamic finance institutions. Furthermore, it scientifically analyzes the significance and role of his works on fiqh, hadith, tafsir, and contemporary fatwas in the lives of Muslims worldwide.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SILK INDUSTRY IN UZBEKISTAN DURING 1950–1980 AND ITS SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS

2026-05-24T13:29:41+00:00

This article examines the development stages of the sericulture sector in Uzbekistan during the 1950s–1980s, as well as its support within the framework of state policy and organizational improvements. It highlights the management system of the sector, territorial specialization, and the formation of production infrastructure. The activities of the Central Asian Research Institute of Sericulture and the processes of creating and introducing new silkworm breeds are analyzed. Special attention is paid to scientific and practical achievements and their impact on the economic efficiency of the отрасль.

POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC CONTACTS BETWEEN THE TURKESTAN REGION AND CHINA

2026-05-04T16:19:54+00:00

The article examines the historical features of diplomatic, trade, and political relations between the Turkestan region and China, determined by its geopolitical position. Special attention is given to the transformation of these contacts in the 19th century following the incorporation of the region into the Russian Empire, as well as to the role of Yakub Beg and the impact of external factors, including the “Great Game”. The study analyzes forms of diplomatic interaction, border regulation issues, and the role of intermediaries in fostering interstate relations.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPIRITUAL GROWTH AND AN ENLIGHTENED SOCIETY: CONCEPTUAL AND SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

2026-05-13T15:57:31+00:00

This article analyzes the relationship between spiritual growth and an enlightened society from a socio-philosophical point of view. The study reveals the essence of the concepts of spirituality and enlightenment, their role in the development of society, and their mutual influence. The author substantiates that spiritual growth is a factor in the internal development of society, and an enlightened society is a practical expression of this process. The article also highlights the importance of the harmony of these two concepts in social stability, the formation of civic consciousness, and innovative development. The results of the study show that ensuring the harmony of spirituality and enlightenment is an important condition for the development of society.

THE IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION IN THE SYSTEMATIZATION OF LEGISLATION

2026-05-20T06:25:23+00:00

This article comprehensively analyzes the theoretical and legal essence of incorporation as one of the important forms of systematization of legislation, its role in ensuring the stability of the legal system, and its practical significance. During the research, the official and unofficial forms of incorporation, chronological and systematic types, as well as their role in increasing the efficiency of the use of legal information are elucidated. In the context of the processes of systematization and digitalization of legislation in the Republic of Uzbekistan, modern mechanisms of incorporation, particularly the concept of “dynamic digital incorporation,” are scientifically substantiated. Furthermore, the diagnostic function of incorporation in regularly updating normative legal acts on a unified electronic platform, identifying legal conflicts, and eliminating gaps in legislation is revealed. As a result of the study, scientific and practical proposals and recommendations aimed at improving the national legislative system, ensuring legal certainty and transparency, and expanding access to legal information have been developed.