Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

ONTOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SYNERGETICS: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

Dilmurod Bozarov — 2025-06-05

This article examines the role of synergetics within the framework of post-nonclassical science, focusing on its ontological and methodological foundations. The author highlights the interdisciplinary nature of synergetics and explores its relationship with philosophy, the natural sciences, and the social and humanities disciplines. The article delves into the philosophical and methodological essence of key concepts such as dissipative systems, bifurcation, attractors, fractals, and plectics. Additionally, it analyzes synergetics' connection with determinism and indeterminism, chaos and order, reductionism, and integrative approaches. In conclusion, the paper discusses the impact of synergetics on scientific progress and its significance as a modern scientific paradigm.

SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL LIFE DURING THE MANGIT DYNASTY

Olmakhon Saidovna Khaitova — 2025-06-09

This article highlights the social life of the Emirate of Bukhara, the stratigraphic structure of the population, the cultural and economic life of the Emirate of Bukhara during the Mahgit dynasty, which is important in the history of our country. It provides information about the traditions and customs and education of the Magnitsky period.

TASHKENT OASIS IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES: FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE AND URBAN CULTURE

X. Yusupova — 2025-06-18

This article analyzes and discusses the topic of the Tashkent oasis in the early Middle Ages: factors in the development of socio-economic life and urban culture.

NATIONAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF PRE-TRIAL DETENTION AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE AND THE PRACTICE OF ITS APPLICATION IN CERTAIN CIS COUNTRIES

Mukhammadali Abdugafforov — 2025-06-03

The article discusses the protection of the legitimate interests of the suspect and the accused during the preliminary investigation, the precautionary measure in the form of arrest, the theoretical aspects of the application of precautionary measures to the suspect and the accused, the circumstances that must be taken into account by the court. It also discusses the problems associated with the precautionary measure of arrest during the preliminary investigation and the proposals developed on them.

TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH CULTURE, EDUCATION AND MEDIA IN A REJUVENATING SOCIETY

Surayyo Berdikulova — 2025-06-09

This article analyzes the process of social consciousness transformation through culture, education, and mass media (MM) in a renewing society. The role of culture and education in shaping social consciousness is examined, as well as the significance of modern mass media in raising social awareness and creating new values. Social consciousness transformation is viewed as an important tool for societal renewal and development, wherein culture, education, and mass media interact and exert effective influence.

MEMORY, DIALOGUE, AND SCIENCE: ARCHAEOLOGY AND INTELLECTUALS IN TURKESTAN DURING THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

Akhadulla Rakhmatullaev — 2025-06-09

This article examines the formation of archaeological knowledge in Turkestan during the Russian imperial period, focusing on the role of local intellectuals. The author argues that archaeological activities in the region were not solely imperial initiatives but rather multi-layered processes shaped through collaboration with local actors, including religious scholars, translators, and other educated figures. Drawing on historical sources, the article explores the dynamics of mediation and intellectual negotiation between imperial scientific frameworks and local knowledge systems.

CHANGES IN THE FIELD OF TRAINING SCIENTIFIC AND SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGICAL PERSONNEL IN THE FIRST YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE IN UZBEKISTAN (1997-2012)

Utkirjon Kushmirzaevich Khoshimov — 2025-06-24

This article examines the changes that have occurred in the development of scientific fields in the higher education system since Uzbekistan gained independence in 1997-2012 as a result of the reforms implemented in this field. In particular, it analyzes the processes, existing problems and solutions related to the wide involvement of young people in science, the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in higher education institutions, and the defense of scientific research.

THE RESTORATION OF AMIR TEMUR'S IMAGE: IBRAHIM MUMINOV'S COURAGEOUS FEAT

Temur Muminov — 2025-06-05

This article reveals how Amir Temur's personality was portrayed during the Soviet era and the negative attitude towards him. The author analyzes the courageous actions of Ibrahim Muminov to justify the image of Sahibkiran on a scientific basis. The article exposes the policy pursued by Soviet ideology towards historical figures. Through the restoration of Amir Temur's authority, aspirations for national pride and self-awareness are highlighted. This scientific article contains important information about the struggle for the restoration of historical truth.

IBN KHALDUN'S THEORY OF ASABIYYAH AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY AND ECONOMY IN NEW UZBEKISTAN

Sherzodbek Nazirov — 2025-06-09

This article examines Ibn Khaldun’s theory of asabiyya and its connection with social solidarity and economic reforms in New Uzbekistan. It highlights Ibn Khaldun’s socio-philosophical views, particularly the importance of asabiyya in the development and stability of society. The article also analyzes Uzbekistan’s modern socio-economic reforms, the formation of civil society, and the revival of national values in the context of Ibn Khaldun’s theories.

ABOUT THE ANCIENT BELIEFS AND RITUALS OF THE USTRUSHANA HERDERS

Sirojiddin Sharofov — 2025-06-18

The article presents the author's opinions on the ancient beliefs and rituals of the peoples of Ustrushana, one of the most ancient historical regions of our region. Based on a number of archaeological and ethnographic data, it also emphasizes that the ancient spiritual life of the oasis cattle breeders was very rich in various customs and rituals.

MODERN CONCEPTS OF POLITICAL CULTURE

Karimbek Mukhtorov — 2025-06-09

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the formation and development trends of the concept of political culture in World Political Science. The main aspects of the theory of modern political culture are revealed. An interpretation of basic theoretical and methodological approaches is given in understanding the relationship between political consciousness and political culture, their impact on political systems and processes. It presents a theoretical analysis of the formation and development trends of theories of political culture in World Political Science. The main aspects of the theory of modern political culture are revealed.

SYNTHESIS OF EASTERN AND WESTERN SOURCES: THE PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF TAGORE'S THOUGHT

Javohir Izomovich Nuridinov — 2025-06-09

Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was a figure who played a significant role in the cultural, social, and philosophical life of India in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. He was one of the main figures of the Bengali Renaissance, a symbol of national pride, an introducer of Eastern philosophy to the West, and a leading figure in the harmony of Indian classical and modern thought. An analysis of Tagore's life, his creative path, and the sources of his formation serve as a necessary basis for a deeper understanding of his philosophical views.

CONDUCTING IN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS OF THE CHANGES CARRIED OUT IN THE GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEM (IN THE CASE OF KOKAND)

Muhsinjan Kodirov — 2025-06-24

In this article, the reforms and changes in the field of general secondary education in our country are analyzed in the case of the city of Lot. All information and legal grounds provided in the article are explained using formal archival documents. The results of reforms in the field are also taken into account.

MAIN APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT (USING THE EXAMPLE OF CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES)

Sh. A. Ahmedova — 2025-06-03

The article explores the main approaches to environmental security governance with a particular focus on the Central Asian region. It analyzes the theoretical foundations of the concept of environmental security at the intersection of political science, law, and international relations. The study examines normative-legal, economic, technological, institutional, and socio-cultural approaches and evaluates their implementation in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic. Special attention is given to transboundary resource management, the role of international cooperation, environmental monitoring digitalization, and public participation. Based on the identified achievements and limitations, the article outlines strategic directions for improving environmental security governance. The findings contribute to the political understanding of environmental security as a key component of national resilience and regional stability amid global environmental challenges.

RELIGIOUS ADMINISTRATION OF MUSLIMS OF CENTRAL ASIA AND KAZAKHSTAN: MODERN APPROACHES

Nuriddin Sharifiy — 2025-06-09

The article provides a scholarly analysis of the historical roots, structure, and contemporary activities of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. It examines the role and significance of regional religious governance based on recent historical research.

DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS AND ITS SOCIAL-MORAL CONSEQUENCES IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALISATION

Alisher Abdumanonovich Khalilov — 2025-06-09

This article analyzes the impact of globalization on demographic crisis and its socio-moral consequences. Issues such as declining birth rates, accelerated aging of the population, and intensified migration flows are examined as some of the most pressing challenges facing modern societies. The article evaluates the negative effects of the demographic crisis on family values, gender relations, the labor market, and youth upbringing from a socio-ethical perspective. Furthermore, the paper explores the political and social measures taken in certain countries to restore demographic balance. The author emphasizes the crucial role of national values, cultural heritage, and social solidarity in preventing and addressing demographic decline.

THE SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE BUKHARA KHANATE

Oltinoy Masalievna Masalieva — 2025-06-09

This article emphasizes that the issue of women has been elevated to the level of state policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also explores the social status of women in the Bukhara Khanate (Emirate) based on historical sources, particularly the manuscripts Tanzil al-Amsol fi Zikri Bayani al-Ahwal by Hamid Bakhojadja ogli, Majmuai Tazkor va Tavorikh by Sadr Ziyo, and the work Bukhara-i Sharif by M.E. Nikolsky.

HISTORY OF THE UZBEKISTAN PRESS IN 1900-1917: ON THE EXAMPLE OF TASHKENT, KOKAN, AND SAMARKAND PERIODICALS

Dilafruz R. Atamuratova — 2025-06-09

The work of the periodical press, which is part of the mass media, was fully formed in the country in the first quarter of the 20th century. The context of the press, which acquired political significance, was aimed at forming a spirit of discontent with the domination of the khanates that existed in Central Asia and this system of government among the local population, who subsequently lost faith in religious and ideological beliefs, and at instilling party ideas. At one time, the local people's press, formed during the period of tsarist rule, also went through its development stage. From social and literary publications, it turned into a press that pursued political goals and was imbued with ideas of independence. The article examines the history of the Tashkent, Kokand and Samarkand periodicals in 1900-1917, as well as the goals of the newspapers that operated there.

EXPERIENCES OF PROVIDING EMPLOYMENT OF YOUTH IN NEED IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN STATE)

Jahongir Jabbоrov — 2025-06-24

The article presents the prospects and motives for increasing the employment of young people in need in Russia.

PROVISION OF PRIVILEGED SERVICES THROUGH THE “SOCIAL CARD” SYSTEM IN NEW UZBEKISTAN

Bekzod Tolibov — 2025-06-03

The article discusses the content of the social card system, the preferential services provided to the population, and the implementation of this system in Uzbekistan. It also analyzes the practical significance of the social card, existing problems, and ways to improve it based on international experience. The role of the system in ensuring social justice and equality is examined through the theories of Max Weber and Amartya Sen.

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN)

Bekzod Rasulov — 2025-06-09

The conclusion of construction contracts and proper implementation of legislation in this area have a significant impact on the economic development of the country and the well-being of the population. The article analyzes the legal basis of a construction contract, problems arising in the implementation of contractual relations in construction, and ways to solve them.

PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS FOR ENHANCING THE LEGAL CULTURE OF WOMEN

Marapat Abdukhalikovna Akayeva — 2025-06-09

In the process of democratic transformation, the legal culture of women plays a vital role. Approaches aimed at protecting and ensuring women's rights help promote equality, justice, and stability in society. The legal culture of women is one of the key factors ensuring the sustainability of a democratic society. As legal awareness and activism increase, gender equality and the fair development of society are strengthened.

EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE EVOLUTION OF PARTY SYSTEMS

T.B. Abdullaeva — 2025-06-24

This article presents an in-depth analysis of external factors influencing the formation and development of party systems. Specifically, it examines the direct and indirect effects of global political trends, regional security challenges, economic crises, migration processes, the activities of international organizations, and external political pressures on party systems. Through a comparative approach, the study explores the experiences of various countries to determine how external influences affect political system stability, competitiveness, and the evolution of democratic institutions. The article also evaluates the internal resilience of party systems and their capacity to withstand external political interference.

HISTORY OF RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FOCUSED ON CENTRAL ASIAN ISSUES

Azamat Raupov — 2025-06-05

This article analyzes the formation, development and current activities of scientific research institutions on the issue of Central Asia in European countries. As a result of geopolitical interest that began in the 19th century, Central Asian studies were formed as a separate field of Oriental studies in Europe. The article discusses scientific societies, expeditions and modern scientific cooperation projects established in countries such as Russia, Germany, Great Britain and France. Today, scientific activity in this area continues between European and Central Asian countries through academic exchanges, joint research and scientific publications.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ABU ALI IBN SINOʻS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY

Arslanova Rayxon Rajabboyevna — 2025-06-09

This scientific article is dedicated to our compatriot Abu Ali ibn Sina, who made a great contribution to the development of medicine, in the development of the science of pharmacology and in the treatment of patients. Even now, it is important that this medical information is preserved and

serves as a guide for future generations. Abu Ali Ibn Sinaʻs "Medical Laws" and the role of this work in the world medical science are incomparable

THE CULTURAL ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL SYSTEM INFLUENCING THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF YOUTH IN EXTREME SITUATIONS

Dadaxon Valijonov — 2025-06-18

This article delves into the interaction of factors-cultural values, economic conditions and social systems — affecting the social behavior of young people in the context of extreme situations. The study demonstrated that social institutional support, the level of economic stability and the cultural environment in society are the main factors that determine how young people react to extreme situations. The article analyzes the behavior of young people in the cross section of various social groups and regions, identifying factors affecting psychological flexibility, social trust and an active civic position.

CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE FUNCTIONS

Fariza Umarova — 2025-06-03

This article analyzes and discusses the topic of classification of functions of criminal proceedings.

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLITICAL INTEGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

Aygerim Kayratovna Temirbayeva — 2025-06-09

This article analyzes the impact of globalization on political integration. In particular, relations between national sovereignty, political independence, and international cooperation, political blocking at the regional and global levels, as well as the problems of mutual trust between states, will be considered. Practical aspects of integration processes were also highlighted within the framework of the dialogue "Termez Dialogue on connectivity between Central and South Asia," held in Termez, Uzbekistan. The article analyzes the relevance of political integration in the modern world, the factors influencing its formation, and its future directions.

THE ROLE OF PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPING SPIRITUAL AND IDEOLOGICAL WORK IN SOCIETY

Zokir Turginovich Zamonov — 2025-05-19

This article discusses the fundamental principles of developing the national education system, which serves as the foundation for spiritual growth, strengthening democracy, and enhancing the competitiveness of the economy to ensure the well-being of the people. It also emphasizes the importance of shaping the worldview, consciousness, and heart of the younger generation in today’s complex global context. The article highlights how, in the future, they should become successful individuals, entrepreneurs, and devoted citizens, remaining engaged in the life of the state and society, understanding governance, and properly perceiving social skills. All these factors contribute to their development as free and active citizens. The national education system plays a crucial role in achieving these goals and nurturing the social and spiritual aspects of the youth.

THE POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

Jiengaliy Usenov — 2025-06-24

This article examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the formation and development of civil society. It highlights the significance of NGOs in enhancing social activity, strengthening democratic values, and protecting the rights and interests of citizens. By analyzing both international and local practices, the research proposes recommendations for expanding cooperation between NGOs and civil society institutions.

THE ROLE OF MORAL AND ETHICAL QUALITIES IN THE FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE

M. R. Topildieva — 2025-06-05

In the years of independence, our country has focused on raising a spiritually and physically healthy generation, educating the youth based on historical, national, and spiritual values, and the idea of national independence, fostering moral and ethical upbringing, nurturing a perfect individual, and forming a healthy lifestyle culture in society. This article discusses the promotion of spiritual and ethical values among youth and the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture in today's context

THE ROLE OF THE JАDID MOVEMENT IN THE EDUCАTION SYSTEM OF SCHOOLS АND MАDRАSАS IN UZBEKISTАN IN 1917-1924

Sаlohiddin Usmonov — 2025-06-09

This аrticle discusses the drаmаtic chаnges in the lives of the peoples of Centrаl Аsiа аfter the Februаry events of 1917 аnd the October Revolution - socio-politicаl, economic, spirituаl аnd ideologicаl, including in the fields of public educаtion - аnd the role of the study of the

Jаdid movement of this period in the current educаtion system.

THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF STRICT ADHERENCE TO THE RULES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE, AND THE OATH OF AN ATTORNEY

Nodirbek Jalilov — 2025-06-18

This article is dedicated to an in-depth analysis of the specific features of strict adherence to the rules of professional ethics, attorney-client privilege, and the oath of an attorney in legal practice. The article extensively explores the moral foundations of the legal profession and the legal and social significance of ethical norms. Particular attention is paid to the legal and moral aspects of maintaining attorney-client confidentiality, as well as its role in establishing trustworthy relationships with clients. The role of the attorney's oath in fostering professional responsibility and commitment to the principles of justice is also analyzed. In addition, the article discusses how compliance with these rules affects the reputation of the legal profession in society, the stability of the legal system, and the assurance of justice. This article is intended for lawyers, legal scholars, and a wide range of professionals and researchers interested in legal ethics and professional morality.

COVERAGE OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM AND PURPOSE IN ISLAMIC LAW

Maxfuzaxon Jaloldinova — 2025-06-09

Islamic law includes a set of legal norms aimed at ensuring justice in society, protecting vulnerable strata and maintaining social stability. This article covers the system of social protection and its objectives in Islamic law, the basic principles of social protection and its role in Islamic law. Also, the influence of Islamic law on the system of social protection was considered in terms of modern social problems.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS IN SOUTH KOREA AND UZBEKISTAN

Sanjar Yakhshilikov — 2025-06-09

This article compares the theoretical foundations and empirical development of political parties and party systems in South Korea and Uzbekistan, offering a contrasted view of two variant post-authoritarian trajectories. Drawing on classic theories by Duverger, Sartori, Lipset, and Rokkan, the paper emphasizes how historical legacies, electoral rules, and institutional constraints have shaped partisan dynamics in both countries. South Korea's democratic transition from military rule to consolidated democracy illustrates the evolution of a competitive, albeit regionally divided, party system characterized by electoral volatility and reform-driven changes. In contrast, state-controlled parties continue to dominate Uzbekistan's post-Soviet political development under a semi-authoritarian regime, where pluralism is merely formal rather than real.

CERTAIN ISSUES OF OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL NORMS

Ulug‘bek Rustamovich Choriyev — 2025-06-24

This article addresses general theoretical issues of legal interpretation, the types of normative legal documents that require interpretation, and the author's perspective on related controversial issues. It also analyzes the subjects authorized to provide official interpretations of legal norms, comparing practices across different countries and legal systems. The author proposes methods to increase the effectiveness of official legal interpretation and outlines necessary actions to achieve this. These topics are explored in depth using various doctrinal sources and the legislation of foreign countries. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that the practice of interpreting legal norms serves as a guarantee to prevent violations of citizens' rights and freedoms by state bodies and officials, ensuring that the legislative intent is correctly understood and applied by executive and judicial authorities. Furthermore, discussing these issues provides solutions to various theoretical and practical problems and may attract the attention of other researchers by demonstrating the significance of this subject with practical examples.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, CULTURE, AND SOCIETAL VALUES

Akmal Akhmedov — 2025-06-05

This article analyzes the complex interrelationships between consumer behavior, culture, and societal values. The study discusses how social and cultural factors influence consumers' decision-making processes in their daily lives, as well as the reflection of societal values on business and marketing strategies. Through statistics, empirical data, and case studies, the article contributes to a deeper study and understanding of consumer behavior. The results serve to develop new approaches in the fields of social psychology, marketing, and cultural studies, as well as to enrich existing theories.

LEGAL BASIS FOR THE USE AND PROTECTION OF FOREST LANDS

Sherzod Mavlonov — 2025-06-09

This article analyzes the legal foundations of forest fund land use in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It examines the legal status of forest fund lands, the forms of their use, and the main legal documents regulating this area. The paper identifies existing legal issues and provides practical recommendations for their resolution.

PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL DISCIPLINE OF CITIZENSHIP

Abdurashid Mirzakhmedov — 2025-06-20

In the article, the concept of discipline is interpreted as a necessary element of being, the quality of the stability of social reality, a factor in the development of nature and society. The authors implemented a philosophical approach to discipline as a solution to problems, moral, ethical, political and legal culture of a person, voluntary adherence to norms and rules. Disciplinary immunity guarantees social quality in the prevention of social deviations in the information society.

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN'S AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE FORMER UNION

Nigora Toshtemirova — 2025-06-09

Research on the protection of motherhood and childhood shows that the socio-economic living conditions of the population, including material supply, accommodation, working conditions, rest, education, culture, customs, nutrition and other factors, have a direct and indirect impact on the health of the future generation. This article is about the protection of women's and children's health in Uzbekistan during the former Union.

METAL PROCESSING CRAFTS OF KHOREZM IN THE ANCIENT PERIOD

Bakhyt Kurbanbayevich Turganov — 2025-06-09

The article examines the development of metalworking crafts in Khorezm during the ancient period based on archaeological materials. During this period, blacksmithing, weaponry, bronze casting, and jewelry production products were widespread at monuments such as Qo'yqirilgan-qal'a, Toproqqal'a, Qal'aliq-qir-2, and Elharas. The discovered ceramic nozzles, casting molds, workshops, and furnaces recorded at the mentioned sites supplement the information about the production process. The diversity of assortments and types, as well as the high quality and significant quantity of metal products found in ancient monuments, testify to the high level of metalworking development in Khorezm during that period.

INCREASING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF HOTELS

Farrukh Abdusamadov — 2025-06-24

The article analyzes the trends in the increasing role and relevance of the tourism sector, particularly hotel services, in economic efficiency during the years of independence in Uzbekistan.

EXTRAPOLATION AS A GENERAL SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF COGNITION IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF EASTERN PHILOSOPHERS

Elena Enverovna Emirova — 2025-06-03

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the use of the extrapolation method by Eastern thinkers such as Al-Farabi, Al-Khwarizmi, Jurjani and Beruni. The extrapolation method in this context is understood as a way of transferring existing knowledge to yet unknown areas of research.

ETHNOCULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE LOCAL POPULATION AND EAST SLAVIC PEOPLES IN THE TERRITORY OF TURKESTAN

S. Norbekov — 2025-06-09

This article examines the presence of East Slavic peoples in the territory of Turkestan during the first half of the 20th century and analyzes their interactions with the local population. It explores the distinct social, political, and economic influences of Slavic communities, their role in transforming Turkestani society, as well as the roots of integration, migration, and tensions with the indigenous peoples. The study highlights how, under the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, the East Slavic peoples developed strong connections with neighboring regions, and their cultural integration, economic participation, and political influence left a significant impact on the socio-economic structure of Turkestan. Particular attention is given to the processes of Slavicization, mutual integration, and interethnic conflicts.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE COOPERATION BETWEEN INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES AND NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN ENSURING PUBLIC ORDER AND SECURITY

Aziz Abralovich Sultanov — 2025-06-09

The article provides a scientific analysis of the legal and organizational foundations of cooperation between the National Guard units and internal affairs bodies in maintaining public order and ensuring public safety. The study presents proposals and recommendations for improving the sector both theoretically and practically. Furthermore, the results of the ongoing reforms in this field are analyzed, and opinions are expressed regarding their role in society.

REMARKS ON THE FEATURES OF THE ANCIENT CASTLES OF THE KHOREZM OASIS

Kh. A. Palvanov — 2025-06-09

The article discusses considerations regarding the characteristics of the fortresses of the Khorezm oasis of antiquity, and discusses the location and characteristics of the fortresses of Khorezm from the 4th century BC to the 4th century AD.

FORMATION OF IDEAS ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN UZBEKISTAN

Kholmuhammad Abdurasulov — 2025-06-09

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the formation and development of human rights ideas in Uzbekistan, starting from the “Avesta” period, through the Islamic Renaissance, the Eastern Renaissance and the Timurid era to today's modern legal systems, based on historical, religious, philosophical and legal sources. This study also describes the formation of ideas related to justice and human dignity in ancient state traditions, the basic principles of Islamic law and the scope of human rights in the sources of Sharia, and the views of medieval scholars such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Biruni, and Navoi on human dignity, freedom and legal status. In addition, the article extensively covers the progressive views of the representatives of the Jadid movement on human rights at the beginning of the 20th century, their activities for education and women's rights. The article scientifically and theoretically reveals the coherence of human rights ideas, the harmony of ancient and modern legal traditions of Uzbekistan based on historical and legal thinking.

THE ROLE OF SOGD AND THE SOGDIANS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES: FOUNDATIONS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

Sherzod Marufjonovich Axmadov — 2025-06-24

This article explores the historiographical foundations of the role of Sogdiana and Sogdians in international relations during the early Middle Ages. It analyzes the economic, diplomatic, and cultural activities of the Sogdians along the Great Silk Road based on archaeological findings from Sogdian cities and written sources from China and Byzantium. The article highlights the impact of Sogdian culture, especially the influence of Sogdian script on other cultures, demonstrating their importance in international cultural exchanges.

MODERN TRENDS IN FORMING PUBLIC OPINION IN UZBEKISTAN

Nigargul Saribayeva — 2025-06-03

This article analyzes modern trends in the formation of public opinion in Uzbekistan. The study examines the role of social networks and traditional media in society and identifies their importance in obtaining information and exchanging opinions. The results show that although social networks have emerged as the leading source of information among the younger generation, television and other traditional media also play an important role in the formation of public opinion. Also, low media literacy and the spread of misinformation hinder the qualitative formation of public opinion. The article also provides recommendations on the problems of the modern information environment and ways to solve them.

THE HISTORY AND TYPES OF HORSE RACES IN THE PLAY CULTURE OF THE KYRGYZ PEOPLE

Arstanbek Ilebayev — 2025-06-09

The article examines another aspect of the Kyrgyz gaming culture related to unproductive activities, all kinds of horse racing. It is known that children were taught to ride horses from an early age. Age–related initiations in the form of atka mingizuu were associated with this. At major horse races, the jockeys were children 7-8 years old, for a light horse race. Sayapkers, experts and specialists in horse preparation for various competitions played a special role. According to sources and field work, more than 14 types of horse racing have been identified so far. Age and gender – aigyr chabysh (horse racing on stallions), Baytal chabysh (horse racing on mares). Tai chabysh (two-year-old horse racing), kunan chabysh (three-year-old horse racing), byshty chabysh (four-year-old horse racing) and at chabysh (adult horse racing).

Horse racing was held during times of small and large celebrations. During funerals and funerals. The story describes the kemege baige horse race (on the day of the funeral of the deceased), uchuluk (horse race on the third day of the funeral), zhetilik (horse race on the seventh day of the funeral), kyrk (horse race on the fortieth day of the funeral). Horse racing on the anniversary of death was especially highlighted. It should be noted that the Zhorgo Salysh horse races (pacing) were especially appreciated in the nomadic culture. In its development, horse racing has acquired the status of a national sport.

SPECIFIC FEATURES AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF LABOR MIGRATION IN UZBEKISTAN

Yigitali Boratalievich Nasridinov — 2025-06-09

In the current era of globalization, the government of Uzbekistan is implementing measures to improve and regulate its external labor migration policy. These efforts prioritize the official employment of the country's population. At the heart of this strategy is the need to develop human capital by directing the working-age population toward education and professional training, taking into account the evolving demographic and socio-economic landscape. This will help prepare the national workforce to meet the standards and demands of the global labor market and ensure stable employment opportunities in the future.

THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON LAND OWNERSHIP AND PROPERTY RELATIONS IN THE TURKESTAN REGION IN THE 1880S

U. Usarov — 2025-06-24

This article reveals the essence of the land ownership and property policy pursued by the Russian Empire in the Turkestan region during the 1880s. It analyzes the Empire’s efforts to legalize land ownership and property relations in the region in accordance with its own interests, based on archival documents, materials from the statistical committee, and research works from various periods. Additionally, the article examines the state of land ownership and property relations in the Turkestan region based on the provisions of the “Regulation on the Administration of the Turkestan Region” adopted by the Russian imperial government in 1886.