Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ENSURING THE PROCEDURAL RIGHTS OF MINORS AND A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

Jurabek Mukhtorovich Tojiyev — 2026-05-01

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of international standards for ensuring the procedural rights of minors and their implementation in national legislation. It examines UN instruments, EU Directive 2016/800, the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as regulatory models in Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, and several CIS countries. Three conceptual approaches are identified: the formal-normative, paternalistic, and functional (child-friendly justice) models. The study argues that international standards recognize minors not merely as objects of protection but as active procedural subjects whose views and psychological condition must have real influence on decision-making. It concludes that international standards should not be mechanically transplanted but substantively adapted and gradually implemented within the national legal framework.

THE HISTORY OF KESH (SHAHRISABZ) AND THE PERSONALITY OF SHAYKH AL-ISLAM KHOJA ABDURAKHMAN AL-ANSARI: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Jamol Norov — 2026-04-30

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical and archaeological context of a newly discovered tombstone in Shahrisabz associated with Shaykh al-Islam Khoja Abdurahman al-Ansari. The study integrates archaeological field data, epigraphic analysis, and classical historical sources. Special attention is given to the transformation of Kesh from a rural settlement during the Samanid period into a major urban and intellectual center by the Timurid era. The findings contribute to reconstructing the historical topography of Shahrisabz and identifying key figures in the religious elite of Central Asia.

THE GREAT SILK ROAD AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL ASIA

Muyassar Rakhimjonovna Topildiyeva — 2026-04-30

This article scientifically analyzes the historical and modern role of the Great Silk Road in the economic development of the Central Asian region, the impact of trade routes on the formation of infrastructure and the domestic market. During the study, the characteristics of the ancient and medieval economy, the efficiency of international transit corridors and issues of regional integration are covered in detail.

POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC CONTACTS BETWEEN THE TURKESTAN REGION AND CHINA

Nargiza Tursunova — 2026-04-30

The article examines the historical features of diplomatic, trade, and political relations between the Turkestan region and China, determined by its geopolitical position. Special attention is given to the transformation of these contacts in the 19th century following the incorporation of the region into the Russian Empire, as well as to the role of Yakub Beg and the impact of external factors, including the “Great Game”. The study analyzes forms of diplomatic interaction, border regulation issues, and the role of intermediaries in fostering interstate relations.