Oriental Journal of History, Politics and Law

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZING PROSECUTORIAL SUPERVISION OVER THE ENFORCEMENT OF LAND LEGISLATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Ulugbek Hakimdjonovich Karimov — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article provides a comparative analysis of the experience of Germany, Norway, Denmark, the USA, Canada, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, China, Brazil, the European Union, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in organizing prosecutorial supervision over the enforcement of land legislation in the agricultural sector. Based on the role of the prosecutor's office in land relations, three functional models are identified: influence through supervisory bodies and courts, a mixed model, and a model of general prosecutorial supervision. The article substantiates the significance for Uzbekistan of mechanisms such as treating changes in land category as an exception, relying on objective criteria, specializing prosecutors and providing them with permanent technical support, claims aimed at land restoration, and using remote sensing data as grounds for inspection rather than as evidence. Scholarly views on the boundary between prosecutorial supervision and state land supervision are analyzed, and the author's meta-supervision approach is proposed.

THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN CULTURE IN THE JIZZAKH OASIS: ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Muhtorqul Hasanovich Pardayev, Dilshod Nosirov — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the formation and development of urban culture in the Jizzakh Oasis, the history of its study in historiography, and the scientific findings of archaeological research conducted in the region. The study examines the position of the Jizzakh Oasis as the northwestern part of the historical and cultural region of Ustrushana, the relationship between urban and rural settlements in antiquity and the early Middle Ages, and the role of irrigated agriculture, crafts, trade, and defensive structures in the process of urbanization. The article concludes that urbanization in the Jizzakh Oasis was not a process involving the independent development of individual cities, but rather a complex historical process shaped by the interaction of urban and rural settlements, irrigation systems, crafts, trade, and political-administrative structures.

PREVENTING RADICALIZATION UNDER THE GUISE OF RELIGION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS AND AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

Bakhtiyor Odiljonovich Rejabboyev — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the prevention of radicalization under the guise of religion among young people and the reduction of its negative effects through the relationship between independent thinking, moral responsibility and social ties. Religious belief is distinguished from an ideology that justifies violence, while the preventive roles of education, critical thinking, media literacy and meaningful social participation are explored. Systemic and conceptual analysis informs an integrated model linking universal, selective and individual support with rehabilitation and reintegration. The model brings protective measures into a shared framework with young people’s agency, rights and institutional cooperation.

THE DIALECTICS OF CONTINGENCY AND NECESSITY IN WESTERN EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE 16TH–19TH CENTURIES

Yunusjon Yusubboevich Isomiddinov — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article comprehensively highlights the conceptual evolution of the category of contingency (chance) in Western European philosophy of the 16th–19th centuries, its role in scientific cognition, and its dialectical connection with necessity. Within the framework of the study, a comparative analysis of the views of great thinkers such as G.W. Leibniz, T. Hobbes, F. Bacon, Voltaire, P. Holbach, L.M. Deshan, G. Hegel, and S. Kierkegaard is carried out. The text logically substantiates that contingency is not merely ignorance or causelessness, but a dialectical process with objective foundations, also highlighting its significance in accelerating scientific discoveries and its aspects related to infinity.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SANITARY ENLIGHTENMENT IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE 1920s–1930s

Rukhiddin Kh. Patkhiddinov — Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Drawing on archival documents and on the work of Russian and Western scholars, this article analyzes the socio-political processes associated with the establishment of sanitary enlightenment in Uzbekistan in the 1920s–1930s. It traces how sanitary enlightenment developed from anti-epidemic measures on the Turkestan Front into an institutional system built around a sanitary enlightenment department and a network of houses of sanitary enlightenment. The article examines the means of propaganda – leaflets, posters, brochures, agitation trains, mobile units and films – and their distribution across languages and territories. It argues that the Soviet authorities regarded sanitary enlightenment not as a purely medical-hygienic task but as an ideological and political project, using it, among other things, as a means of combating religion and the traditional customs of the population. It also shows that financial constraints and the gap between town and countryside limited the practical effectiveness of this policy. The study identifies three stages in the development of the sanitary enlightenment system.

THE REFLECTION OF COSMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL BELIEFS IN TURKIC MYTHOLOGY IN ORNAMENTS

Begzod Khomitaliyev — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the reflection of the ancient Turkic worldview, concepts of the universe, and nature within folk applied arts and traditional ornaments. The study reveals that ornaments were not merely decorative elements, but served as a sacred symbolic system representing the three-tiered cosmic model (upper, middle, and lower worlds), the Tree of Life cult, astral beliefs (sun, moon, stars), and totemic traditions (wolf, horse, eagle, etc.). Furthermore, the paper examines the cosmogonic and protective semantics of Uzbek traditional skullcaps (do‘ppi) and the cultural transformation of these mythological symbols after the introduction of Islam, supported by historical sources.

IDENTIFYING CONFLICT-OF-LAWS CONNECTING FACTORS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT: TRANSFORMATION OF THE TERRITORIALITY CRITERION

Sevara Shopulatova — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the identification of conflict-of-laws connecting factors in private international law within the digital environment, with particular emphasis on the transformation of territoriality. It considers the limits of traditional connecting factors, including lex rei sitae, residence, establishment, place of conduct and place of damage, in relation to digital assets, platforms and decentralised technologies. Using doctrinal, comparative and functional legal analysis, the study proposes a three-stage approach that jointly evaluates factual, structural and functional links. The findings support not the abandonment of territoriality, but a reassessment of the conflict-of-laws relevance of geographical connections according to the function of the specific legal issue.

THE EXPANSION OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE SURKHANDARYA REGION, THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF COTTON MONOCULTURE, AND THE CRISIS OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM (1965–1980)

Utkir Tashmurodovich Khudoyberdiyev — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Based on archival documents, statistical collections and periodicals, the article analyzes the development of the health care system of the Surkhandarya region in 1965–1980. It is shown that the quantitative growth of the network of medical institutions, hospital beds and medical personnel took place against the background of a deepening ecological crisis generated by cotton monoculture: massive use of pesticides and defoliants, soil salinization, and deterioration of drinking water quality. The contradiction between official indicators and the real state of health of the rural population – growth of anemia, hepatitis, intestinal infections, high infant mortality – is revealed. It is concluded that the accumulation of ecological and medical problems became one of the manifestations of the systemic crisis of the Soviet model of governance in the region.