Oriental Journal of Medicine and Pharmacology

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CIRCULATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS

2025-03-26T01:10:55+00:00

Cardiac surgeries involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are highly effective, but they can lead to serious neurological complications. These include ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, cognitive dysfunction, delirium, and other central nervous system disorders. This article provides a detailed analysis of the key pathophysiological mechanisms associated with CPB-related complications, including microembolism, hemodynamic disturbances, hypothermia, and its effects on brain tissue. The role of perioperative pharmacological agents (beta-blockers, heparin, insulin) in influencing neurological risk is also explored. The authors emphasize the importance of early stroke risk assessment, timely identification of high-risk patients, and the implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of such complications.

CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH ATHEROTHROMBOTIC LESIONS OF EXTRACRANIAL ARTERIES

2025-11-02T13:39:10+00:00

This article analyzes the clinical and neurological characteristics of patients with atherothrombotic lesions of the extracranial arteries of the brain. The study was conducted in Nukus from 2022 to 2024 and included clinical data from 128 elderly patients. According to the results, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia were the leading risk factors, identified in more than 75% of patients in all clinical groups. In patients with combined stenosis of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries (Group III), the clinical symptoms were more severe, dominated by headache, dizziness, tinnitus, memory decline, and fatigue. Among neurological disorders, pyramidal signs, asymmetry of muscle tone, and coordination disturbances were common. The results of the study confirm the progressive development of vascular system damage in cases of combined and multifocal stenosis and indicate the necessity of early diagnosis and comprehensive preventive measures.

CLINICAL STRUCTURE OF LACUNAR STROKES IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

2025-10-21T16:00:08+00:00

The study included 143 patients with lacunar strokes, 54 of whom had previously contracted COVID-19. A comparative analysis was conducted on the clinical manifestations, course variants, and severity of asthenic syndrome in patients with lacunar strokes with and without a history of COVID-19. It was found that patients who had recovered from the coronavirus infection showed a more polymorphic clinical picture, with a combination of motor, sensory, and coordination disorders, as well as diffuse microfocal symptoms. Additionally, patients with a history of COVID-19 exhibited a more pronounced asthenic syndrome based on the MFI-20 scale (p < 0.01). The findings suggest a modifying influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the pathogenesis and clinical course of lacunar strokes, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of such patients.

INSTRUMENTAL INDICATORS OF TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OF THE KASHKADARYA REGION

2025-09-12T16:21:39+00:00

TIA (transient ischemic attack) often occurs with rapidly reversible neurological disorders, and the standard clinical examination does not always provide sufficient information. Instrumental methods — CT/MRI, Dopplerography, and neurophysiological tests — are the only objective tools for timely detection of structural and functional changes.

THE LINK BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

2025-04-24T09:31:00+00:00

This article analyzes the relationship between air pollution and ischemic heart disease. The study examined the levels of the main air pollutants — PM2.5, PM10, NO₂ and CO — and statistics on hospital visits for heart disease. According to the results, high levels of air pollution lead to an increase in heart disease, especially ischemic heart disease. This article may be useful for industry experts, healthcare professionals and environmental policy makers.

ANATOMO-PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF ANAL FISSURES AND WAYS OF THEIR CORRECTION

2025-11-02T15:12:34+00:00

This article analyzes the underlying anatomo-physiological reasons for the development of one of the most common coloproctological diseases as anal fissures. Among proctological patients, patients with anal fissure are in second place. Women almost 2 times more often suffer from anal fissure than men, especially those of working age, which undoubtedly represents a socio-economic problem of public health. To date, questions of etiopathogenesis of anal fissures remain.

The main purpose of the work is to consider the predispositions of people to the development of anal fissures, as well as the role of variant anatomy in the mechanisms of prevention and mitigation of the course of the disease, analysis of statistical data on the incidence of the disease in Russia and Uzbekistan and their systematization depending on the lesion of a certain area of the anal part of the rectum. At the same time, the probability of occurrence of the disease in individuals is also estimated, the results of questionnaire survey of people with coloproctological problems are given in order to draw attention to the problems of not following the correct diet, body position in space during physical activity, perineal hygiene, timely preventive measures and visits to specialists in case of suspicion of problems in the rectum area. The rates of acute and chronic anal fissures among people of child, young and middle age who have high occupational risks of pathology development and prophylactic measures to prevent the consequences of this problem are studied. The study reveals the role of anatomo-physiological aspects in the development of anal fissures and identifies methods of preventing the pathology.

LABORATORY INDICATORS OF YOUNG PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

2025-11-02T13:24:09+00:00

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly observed among pediatric populations, presenting significant risks for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in later life. Laboratory parameters play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring MetS in children and adolescents.

SYNERGETIC INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2025-09-30T06:39:26+00:00

This article examines the relationship and interaction of environmental and nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Based on an analysis of current scientific sources, it emphasizes that environmental pollution (PM2.5, NO₂, heavy metals, organic toxins) and unfavorable nutrition (excess trans fats, salt, antioxidant deficiency) exert a synergistic effect on the development of inflammatory and degenerative changes in the cardiovascular system. Special attention is given to the mechanism of factor interaction, which includes oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and mitochondrial disturbances. The necessity of a comprehensive preventive approach based on improving nutrition quality and reducing environmental risk exposure is justified.

EARLY DETECTION OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC IMPAIRMENT OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW BY MULTI-SPIRAL CT PERFUSION OF THE BRAIN

2025-08-30T07:42:31+00:00

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial from both medical and socio-economic perspectives. Modern neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) play a key role in the diagnostic process. However, standard CT scans may fail to detect early ischemic changes, limiting their use in the acute phase. Recently, multislice CT (MSCT) perfusion imaging has gained importance in the urgent diagnosis of ischemic stroke by quantitatively assessing cerebral blood flow, identifying perfusion deficits, and distinguishing the infarct core from the ischemic penumbra. This article analyzes the diagnostic value of MSCT perfusion in early ischemic stroke detection, compares it with traditional methods, and discusses its role in optimizing treatment strategies.