Oriental Journal of Social Sciences

VIRTUAL REALITY: MYTH AND REALITY

2026-05-13T12:26:40+00:00

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of virtual reality as a phenomenon, as well as its role in contemporary society and its impact on human consciousness. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of widespread myths about virtual reality and their correlation with scientifically grounded facts. In the context of rapid digital technological development, the study explores the social, psychological, and philosophical implications of virtual environments, including transformations in human perception of reality. As a result, both the opportunities and potential risks associated with virtual reality are systematically evaluated.

FORMATION OF THE FEMALE PEDAGOGICAL CORPS IN THE SAMARKAND REGION DURING 1950–1980

2026-05-07T17:02:02+00:00

This article analyzes the formation process of the female pedagogical corps in the Samarkand region during the 1950–1980s from historical and socio-pedagogical perspectives. The study highlights the educational policies of the Soviet period, mechanisms for involving women in pedagogical activities, and the expansion of their role and position in schools and educational institutions. It also examines the professional training of female teachers, their social status in society, and factors influencing the effectiveness of their pedagogical activity. Based on historical sources, the article reveals the stages of formation and development of the female pedagogical stratum in the Samarkand region. The results of the study contribute to identifying the practical outcomes of gender policy in the Soviet education system and its regional characteristics.

THE ROLE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY AND PUBLIC POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION DISPUTES

2026-05-20T06:40:22+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the doctrines of sovereign immunity and public policy within the context of modern international arbitration. The author examines the evolution of immunity from absolute to restrictive models and analyzes the profound theoretical debate between proponents of transnational arbitration (E. Gaillard) and defenders of state sovereignty (M. Sornarajah). Special attention is paid to the risks of the "commodification of justice" associated with third-party funding (TPF). Based on an analysis of ICSID and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan practice, the article explores mechanisms for protecting national interests and modern trends in forming a pro-arbitration practice in Uzbekistan.

UZBEKISTAN’S CONSTRUCTIVE FOREIGN POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

2026-05-13T10:13:45+00:00

This article comprehensively analyzes the modern constructive foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its inextricable link with the national development strategy. The study covers the main principles of foreign policy - openness, pragmatism, peacekeeping and mutually beneficial cooperation. It also reveals Uzbekistan’s active initiatives in the Central Asian region and the international arena, their impact on economic, political and social development on a scientific basis. The article summarizes the role and importance of constructive foreign policy in achieving sustainable development.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE SAMARKAND REGION

2026-05-25T16:14:01+00:00

This scientific article analyzes the prospects for tourism development in the Samarkand region. It explores the region’s rich historical and cultural heritage, architectural monuments, natural landscapes, and opportunities provided by tourism infrastructure. Special attention is given to the potential of pilgrimage, ethno- and gastronomic tourism, as well as ecological and agro-tourism. The study highlights the role of government policies, investment programs, and international cooperation in promoting tourism. Furthermore, the article provides a scientific evaluation of the future development of tourism in Samarkand, its economic benefits, and its impact on the region’s social life.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN CENTRAL ASIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL INSTABILITY

2026-05-19T17:22:43+00:00

Global instability has become one of the defining features of the modern international system. Political conflicts, economic crises, terrorism, cyber threats, migration processes, and geopolitical competition increasingly affect regional stability in different parts of the world. In these conditions, the transformation of regional security systems becomes an important issue, especially for strategically significant regions such as Central Asia.

Central Asia occupies an important geopolitical position between Europe and Asia and serves as a bridge connecting major economic and political centers. The region possesses significant natural resources and transport potential, which increases the interest of global powers such as Russia, China, the United States, and the European Union. As a result, security processes in Central Asia are influenced not only by internal regional factors but also by global political and economic changes.

The purpose of this article is to examine the transformation of the regional security system in Central Asia under conditions of global instability and to analyze the main modern threats affecting regional stability. Special attention is given to cyber threats, information warfare, geopolitical competition, digital transformation, and regional cooperation mechanisms.

The research is based on descriptive, analytical, comparative, and content analysis methods. Scientific articles, international reports, regional security studies, and statistical materials published between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed during the research process. Tables, diagrams, maps, and statistical figures were also used in order to provide a clearer understanding of modern security trends in Central Asia.

The study shows that regional security in Central Asia is undergoing significant transformation. Traditional security threats such as terrorism, border conflicts, extremism, and transnational crime remain important. However, modern risks connected with cyberspace, digital infrastructure, information manipulation, and artificial intelligence are becoming increasingly influential. The rapid growth of digital technologies creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities for the region.

The findings also demonstrate that cybersecurity and information security are becoming essential parts of modern regional stability. Information warfare through social media platforms, online propaganda, and cyber attacks on critical infrastructure create new challenges for governments and societies. In addition, geopolitical competition between major powers continues to influence political and economic processes in Central Asia.

The article concludes that maintaining regional stability in Central Asia requires stronger regional cooperation, modernization of cybersecurity systems, development of digital protection strategies, and effective international dialogue. The transformation of the security system in the region reflects broader global changes where traditional and non-traditional threats increasingly interact with each other.

MECHANISMS FOR ENHANCING YOUTH ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND CULTURE IN BUILDING AN ENLIGHTENED SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN

2026-05-13T00:09:35+00:00

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of enhancing ecological consciousness and culture among youth in the process of building an enlightened society in Uzbekistan. The philosophical and social essence of ecological consciousness and ecological culture is analyzed, and the key factors influencing their development are systematically explored. Particular attention is given to innovative mechanisms for fostering ecological thinking among young people, including the role of the education system, social institutions, and state policy. The study substantiates the importance of improving ecological culture as a critical factor in achieving sustainable societal development

THE ROLE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN REGIONAL STABILITY

2026-05-24T18:03:47+00:00

This article provides a scientific analysis of the role and significance of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in ensuring regional security. In particular, it examines the new geopolitical conditions that emerged in Central Asia in the early 1990s, the process of formation of independent states, and the necessity of establishing mechanisms of cooperation among states in the context of emerging security challenges. The article also analyzes the dialogue and cooperation initiated within the framework of the “Shanghai Five”, which later served as the foundation for the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

CENTRALLY MANAGED INDUSTRY: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UZBEK SSR (1945–1960S)

2026-05-15T03:21:48+00:00

This article analyzes the formation and functioning of the centrally managed industrial system of the Uzbek SSR. It examines the dominant role of union-level authorities in managing the republic’s industry during the Soviet period, the main mechanisms of the planned economy, and the limited powers of local administrative bodies. In addition, the article highlights the raw-material orientation of industrial development, the weak development of processing industries, and the socio-economic consequences of this situation.

UZBEK PEOPLE’S TRADITIONS AND THEIR MODERN INTERPRETATION: AN ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION

2026-05-12T18:55:39+00:00

This article examines the traditions and customs of the Uzbek people, their historical formation, and contemporary transformation through the lens of structural-functionalism and interpretive anthropology. The impact of globalization on national value systems, as well as the influence of urbanization and digital technologies on the dynamics of customs, is analyzed comparatively using empirical data and international scholarly theories. The article demonstrates that traditional rituals – including wedding ceremonies, hospitality practices, and communal labor (hashar) – are evolving in form while preserving their internal symbolic meaning and social functions.

THE CARAVAN ROUTE SYSTEM BETWEEN THE KOKAND KHANATE AND EASTERN TURKESTAN IN THE 18TH–19TH CENTURIES AND ITS ROLE IN REGIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

2026-05-24T13:17:40+00:00

This article analyzes the formation and development of trade and economic relations between the Kokand Khanate, Eastern Turkestan, and Tashkent in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries based on historical sources. The study examines the transit of goods such as tea, silk, cotton, and other commodities transported from Eastern Turkestan through the Kokand Khanate to the Bukhara and Khiva Khanates, and highlights the role of this trade route in shaping the regional trade system of Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to the impact of Tashkent’s incorporation into the Kokand Khanate on the expansion of caravan routes, the development of trade infrastructure, and the growing economic influence of the Russian Empire in the region. The findings indicate that the Kokand Khanate functioned as an important transit and intermediary center within the Central Asian trade network, while caravan routes served as a key factor in the development of regional economic connections and integration processes.

MEASURES TO IMPROVE LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY IN UZBEKISTAN

2026-05-13T12:36:32+00:00

This article comprehensively examines the improvement of legal and organizational mechanisms for ensuring environmental sustainability in Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the current regulatory framework and institutional system in the field of environmental protection, as well as to substantiate directions for their improvement. The research employs system analysis, comparative legal, institutional, and statistical methods. The findings reveal key issues in environmental governance, including inconsistencies in legal regulations, insufficient effectiveness of control mechanisms, and weak institutional coordination. The author proposes scientific and practical recommendations aimed at enhancing environmental policy, optimizing governance structures, and integrating international best practices. The results of the study contribute to the development of effective public administration mechanisms for ensuring environmental sustainability.

THE “ENLIGHTENMENT AGAINST IGNORANCE” CONCEPT AS A FACTOR IN THE FIGHT AGAINST RADICAL IDEAS

2026-05-08T08:20:40+00:00

This article analyzes the content and essence of the “Enlightenment against Ignorance” concept and its importance in combating radicalism and extremist ideas in society. Ignorance is a factor that hinders the development of individuals and society, and the most effective way to eliminate it is to advance science and education. A worldview formed on the basis of enlightenment and science is considered one of the key factors in protecting young people from radical ideas. The research findings indicate the necessity of forming an effective immunity against extremism by strengthening spiritual and educational work.

LIFE, ACTIVITIES, AND SCIENTIFIC VIEWS OF ACADEMICIAN A.R. MUHAMMADJONOV

2026-05-20T06:55:05+00:00

This article examines the life, scientific and pedagogical activity of Academician Abdulahad Rahimjanovich Muhammadjanov and his contribution to the development of historiography and archaeology in Uzbekistan. The scholar’s research on the history of irrigated agriculture, irrigation systems, hydraulic engineering, toponymy, onomastics, and source studies is analyzed. The article also discusses his scientific heritage, academic school, and role in training young researchers.

HIGH OFFICE – FROM THE HISTORY OF RULERSHIP (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KHANATE OF KHIVA)

2026-05-13T12:21:13+00:00

This article examines the political and legal status of high-ranking officials and their role within the state administration system of the Khanate of Khiva, as well as provides a historical and theoretical analysis of the processes of political legitimacy. The study highlights the ceremony of “enthroning the khan,” which played an important role in the formation and consolidation of the khanate’s political system, its structural elements, and the functional significance of the symbolic attributes used in this process. In addition, the article analyzes the interrelation between court practices, political traditions, and mechanisms of state governance, as well as their role in ensuring the stability of the khanate’s political system. On the example of the Khanate of Khiva, traditional forms of power legitimization, the ideological content of political rituals, and their influence on public consciousness are revealed based on historical sources. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the specific features of the state administration system of medieval Central Asia.

DEVELOPING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE THROUGH THE HARMONY OF SPORTS AND AESTHETIC VALUES

2026-05-20T03:38:43+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the socio-philosophical foundations for developing a healthy lifestyle through the integration of sport and aesthetic values. The relevance of the study is обусловed by the growing need to promote a culture of healthy living among youth in the context of globalization, as well as to ensure their physical and spiritual development. The paper examines the impact of sports activities not only on physical health but also on the formation of aesthetic taste, perception of beauty, and the system of personal values. Particular attention is given to the role of aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic education in strengthening a healthy lifestyle. The research methodology is based on a системный подход, comparative analysis, and the principles of historicism and logical reasoning. The findings indicate that the integration of sport and aesthetic values enhances youth’s life orientation, increases their social activity, and fosters a commitment to a healthy lifestyle.

A PHILOSOPHICAL-COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION

2026-05-13T07:07:37+00:00

This article focuses on a comparative analysis of theoretical and philosophical approaches to the formation, development, and contemporary interpretations of the intellectual migration phenomenon. Based on ontological and methodological criteria, the study comparatively analyzes the instrumental-political, neoclassical-rational, existential-humanistic, critical postcolonial, and hybrid-anthropological approaches explaining the mobility of highly qualified professionals in the context of globalization. The analysis demonstrates that scientific perspectives on intellectual migration are shifting from the traditional “brain drain” paradigm to more complex approaches such as “brain gain” and “brain circulation”.

THE IMPORTANCE OF RAILWAYS IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2026-05-25T15:34:52+00:00

This scientific article examines the role and significance of railway infrastructure in the southern regions of Uzbekistan in the development of international relations. Particular attention is given to the advancement of transport and logistics systems, the efficiency of export-import operations, regional integration processes, and the enhancement of transit potential. The study also analyzes the modernization of railway networks, the opening of new routes, and their impact on economic growth. The findings highlight the importance of improving transport infrastructure in southern regions to further strengthen international economic cooperation.

POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR WORKING WITH MASS MEDIA AND JOURNALISTS IN ORGANIZING STATE INFORMATION POLICY

2026-05-17T06:08:12+00:00

Working with the media and journalists is of great importance in the effective organization of state information policy. This article systematically studies the issues of professional ethics and professional responsibility of journalists. Based on the foreign experience of developed countries such as Singapore, Germany and Great Britain, effective methods of working with the media are analyzed. Also, political technologies used in the implementation of state information policy, modern methods of information dissemination, mechanisms for direct communication with journalists and ways of effective use of digital platforms are studied. As a result of the research, practical proposals have been developed that can be implemented in the practice of Uzbekistan.

FACTORS IN THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH INNOVATION INITIATIVES

2026-05-13T00:00:58+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the development of innovative initiatives among today’s youth. The study is based on a systematic approach that considers artificial intelligence not as a standalone tool but as a multifaceted phenomenon embedded in a socio-cultural and psychological-pedagogical context. The author highlights and systematizes key positive factors, such as the democratization of access to innovation tools, the acceleration of project cycles, and the expansion of cognitive abilities. At the same time, the negative aspects are analyzed in detail: the risk of cognitive dependence, the decline in independent thinking, ethical dilemmas, and the threat of dehumanization of creativity. Based on the identified contradictions, the article proposes conceptual guidelines for pedagogical practice and youth policy aimed at maximizing the positive potential of artificial intelligence and minimizing its possible negative consequences.

PRIMARY MEASURES FOR THE USE OF RENEWABLE (SOLAR) ENERGY SOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN

2026-05-24T13:23:35+00:00

This scientific article analyzes the formation and development stages of renewable energy use, particularly solar energy, in Uzbekistan based on a historical and analytical approach. The study examines early scientific research in the field of alternative energy, legal frameworks, international cooperation projects, and the implementation of modern technologies.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF COTTON GROWING INTO A PRIORITY SECTOR IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

2026-05-15T03:17:28+00:00

The article highlights the problems associated with the focus on cotton growing in our country by studying the issue of its becoming a priority sector and its consequences. The history and significance of cotton cultivation and its processing in our country, as well as its influence on other sectors, have been studied. The article, based on archival documents in the funds of the National State Archive of Uzbekistan, scientific research by foreign and domestic researchers, monographs, and brochures, is dedicated to the establishment of cotton monoculture in our country and its consequences, and includes conclusions on the topic.

ENSURING SOCIAL SECURITY IN NEW UZBEKISTAN: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

2026-05-12T18:24:37+00:00

The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring social security in the context of New Uzbekistan. It examines the idea of New Uzbekistan, recent policies of openness and transparency, the principle of the state serving the people, state programs based on the development of civil society, social cohesion, the new Uzbek spirit grounded in national values, the Uzbekistan Strategy 2030 program, as well as the theory of social security aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and its new methodological foundations.

A comparative assessment of social security concepts in global sociological schools is presented, and the adaptation of the “human security” paradigm to Uzbek society is explored. The structural components of social security — demographic, economic, spiritual-ideological, information, and cybersecurity — are systematically analyzed within the “state–society–individual” framework. The role of institutional factors in shaping a social state model based on meritocratic and liberal principles is substantiated. Based on the research findings, mechanisms for ensuring social security and practical recommendations adapted to the conditions of Uzbekistan have been developed.

SANAE TAKAICHI’S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE JAPAN–U.S. ALLIANCE: EXPECTATIONS, PRIORITIES, AND OUTCOMES

2026-05-23T06:52:59+00:00

This article examines the official visit of Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi to the United States, held on March 18–21, 2026, and its significance for the further evolution of the Japan–US alliance. The aim of the study is to determine to what extent this visit reflected Japan’s shift from a predominantly reactive diplomacy toward a more proactive yet institutionally constrained model of regional leadership. The analysis is based on the institutional approach, alliance theory, the concept of strategic autonomy, the logic of the “alliance dilemma,” and issues of economic security. The study highlights three interrelated areas: the security of maritime communications amid the crisis around the Strait of Hormuz, the positions of both sides regarding the Taiwan Strait, and the expansion of military-technical, technological, and economic cooperation. The conclusion is that the visit not only confirmed the stability of the alliance with the United States but also signaled Tokyo’s intention to expand its agency within the alliance system without directly engaging in high-risk military scenarios.