Oriental Journal of Social Sciences

CHINA'S GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS IN AFGHANISTAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE

Gulnor Djumayeva — 2024-11-20

This article examines China's geopolitical interests in Afghanistan in the context of contemporary international relations. It examines China's main objectives in the region, including ensuring stability, fighting terrorism, protecting economic investments and promoting the One Belt, One Road project. It analyses China's strategic initiatives, its diplomatic engagement and its interaction with other key players such as the US and Russia. Special attention is paid to China's role in the country's reconstruction process.

The article uses data from a variety of sources, including official statements, analytical reports and expert assessments.

RAISING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS TO THE WORLD LEVEL IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDEPENDENCE OF UZBEKISTAN

Gulnara Farmanova — 2024-12-08

The author of the article argues that during the period of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan, archaeological study and scientific research rose to a new global level of scientific research. The article presents material on the directions of development of archaeological science in Uzbekistan and in Samarkand Sogd, using the example of the work of prominent scientists and specialists who carried out archaeological excavations in the first years of the republic’s independence. Materials on the methods of archaeological research at the present stage and the development of archeology in our country are presented. The author notes major international archaeological expeditions and their achievements.

THE DYNAMICS OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND AFGHANISTAN DURING THE PERIOD OF AMIR DOST MUHAMMAD KHAN

D. Z. Boratov — 2024-11-11

This article examines the specific aspects of the diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and the countries of Afghanistan. Also, from a scientific point of view, some analyzes of the external factors affecting the diplomatic relations between the two countries were carried out. During the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan, the Afghan government's foreign policy focused on the issue of instability in relations with Russian ambassadors, which is cited in the case of Ambassador N. Khanikov.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EMBASSY OF S. I. NOSOVICH IN THE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE WITH THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA IN THE 1870S

D. Z. Boratov — 2024-12-05

This article examines the changes that occurred in the diplomatic relations of the Russian Empire with the Emirate of Bukhara since the 1970s as a result of the emirate's transformation into a dependent state, and the embassy of S. I. Nosovich was selected as the main object. In addition, along with a deep scientific analysis of diplomatic etiquette related to Russian-Bukhara embassy relations, the importance of officials, representatives of the dynasty, and local officials of the Emirate of Bukhara in relations with the Russian Empire is also analyzed.

EFFORTS TO SOLVE WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE (IN THE CASE OF KHOREZM REGION)

Umarbek Sheripov — 2024-11-09

By the late 1980s, due to political, economic, social, and moral decline, the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991. In this situation, the Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence, and bold steps were taken to strengthen it. In Khorezm region, addressing water and water management issues from a scientific perspective has always been a critical matter. This article discusses scientific research related to the efficient use of water resources and water-saving technologies. It also covers agreements on jointly managing the distribution of the trans boundary Amu Darya river among neighboring republics, with the remaining water resources allocated to preserve the Aral Sea. Additionally, it provides information on financial support for Aral Sea preservation projects, including contributions from organizations outside Central Asia, such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and countries like Japan, Germany, and China.

TRADE RELATIONS OF BUKHARA EMIRATE WITH INDIA IN THE XIX CENTURY

Nozimjon Ibrokhimov — 2024-12-21

The paper analyses, based on sources, the Bukhara Emirate's trade relations with India in the nineteenth century, the trade routes, the types of imported and exported products between the two countries, and their market prices. Caravanserais and bazaars have also been briefly discussed and issues such as the high demand for Indo-English cloth in the emirate and the fact that Bukhara merchants bought more Anglo-Indian goods to sell in Russian cities have also been explored.

AFGHANISTAN'S ROLE IN MODERN SECURITY ISSUES

Mutalib Kasimov — 2024-11-27

The article explores the pivotal role of Afghanistan in contemporary international and regional security frameworks. With the U.S. military withdrawal and the Taliban's resurgence in Kabul, the geopolitical significance of Afghanistan has surged, making it a focal point of security studies. The authors highlight the perspectives of Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who emphasized Afghanistan's security as integral to the stability of Central and South Asia.

Drawing on the Copenhagen School's comprehensive security theories, the article identifies five dimensions of security: political, economic, military, environmental, and social. Additionally, it proposes three supplementary aspects—ethnic, religious, and geopolitical security—to better contextualize Afghanistan’s challenges. Persistent ethnic divisions, historical governance biases favoring Pashtun elites, and the need for constitutional reforms to ensure equality among Afghanistan's diverse ethnic groups. The dominance of Islamic ideological influence on Afghan politics and governance, compounded by the Taliban’s controversial policies and the presence of extremist groups threatening regional stability. The strategic interests of regional (Pakistan, Iran, India) and global (U.S., China, Russia) actors, as well as the implications of external interventions.

The authors critically analyze various academic and policy-oriented works, pointing out gaps in the study of Afghanistan’s impact on U.S.-Pakistan security relations. They conclude that Afghanistan's stability remains a cornerstone for regional peace and security, necessitating comprehensive and inclusive approaches in international and regional policies.

MIRZO ULUGBEK'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND CULTURE IN AVERAGE ASIA

Sayyora Atadjanova — 2024-12-21

This article, based on literature sources, analyzes and recognizes the personality of Mirzo Ulugbek as a patron of science and culture, his contribution to the development of astronomy, physics, mathematics, history in Maverannahr and, in general, his contribution to the development of Average Asian science and culture. Mirzo Ulugbek was a recognized ruler of the Muslim world, who, despite all differences, preached the ideas of universal development.

INTERNAL CONFLICTS AND CONFLICTS IN LIBYA

Farkhod Karimov — 2024-11-20

In this article, the identity of Libya, the history of political development of Libya, the fact that the internal conflicts that began with the "Arab Spring" of 2011 caused the Libyan state to sink and become unstable in all aspects (socio-economic, political, spiritual), disrupted the security system, and external (foreign countries) turned into a conflict and dispute area of forces. The article also analyzes how Libya got into this situation, the emergence and state of internal disputes and conflicts.

THE ROLE OF THE XINJIANG UYGHUR AUTONOMOUS REGION IN ESTABLISHING TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE PRC IN THE 1990S

A. Akhunov — 2024-12-15

This article examines the role of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in establishing trade and economic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China in the 1990s. It also reveals the role of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in establishing foreign economic activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the early years of independence and its impact on the development of trade and economic relations with the People's Republic of China.

E. V. RTVELADZE'S FIRST TEACHERS IN THE PATH OF SCIENCE AND HIS FIRST PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

Feruza Khamrayeva — 2024-11-20

This article tells about the first teachers who guided one of the greatest scholar and academic scientist Edward Vasilyevich Rtveladze to enlightenment and their infinite contribution to the academic life of the scientist, as well as his hardships on the path of Science and his first practical experience.

ISSUES OF THE USE OF OBJECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN UZBEKISTAN (On the example of Namangan region)

Mamurjon Rasulov — 2024-12-08

Over the past decade, Uzbekistan has undergone extensive reforms in the preservation, restoration and conservation of cultural heritage objects and their use. Various scientific approaches have arisen to the preservation, protection of historical and cultural objects (architectural structures, archaeological objects, etc.) preserved on the territory of the Republic, their use in the development of domestic and international tourism and for cultural and educational purposes.

RAIKHAN KOSMAMBETOVA: CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL MUSEUM OF KAZAKHSTAN AND MUSEUM AFFAIRS

Rashida Kharipova — 2024-11-09

This article is devoted to the study of R.I. Kosmambetova's contribution to the development of the Central Museum of Kazakhstan. R.I. Kosmambetova, who headed the Central Museum from 1974 to 1995, had a significant impact on the formation of collections, expansion of educational programs and strengthening museum ties at the international level. Goals and objectives. The purpose of this study is to identify the key aspects of R.I. Kosmambetova's activities, as well as organizational innovations and scientific and methodological works that have influenced the current state of museology in Kazakhstan. The objectives of the research include the analysis of official and archival documents, systematization and periodization of its activities. Materials and methods. Based on the identified documents and materials in the State Archive of the Almaty region, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the departmental archive and scientific fund of the Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (GA AO, CGA RK and CGM RK, CMK KP), the biographical portrait of Raykhan Kosmambetova, whose personality is still It is poorly covered in the historiography of Kazakhstan. Results. As a result of the research, the key aspects of R.I.'s activity are revealed. Kosmambetova: organizational innovations in museum management, expansion of educational programs and strengthening of museum ties, scientific and methodological work affecting the current state of museology in the country. Conclusions. R.I. Kosmambetova played a key role in the development of the Central Museum of Kazakhstan, leaving a significant legacy in the museum business of the country. Her works and achievements are relevant and important for modern museum practices, and the study of her heritage contributes to the further development of the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan.

CENTRAL ASIA AND THE UN: CREATION OF A NUCLEAR-WEAPON-FREE ZONE IN THE REGION

Oybek Abdimuminov — 2024-12-21

The Central Asian region has historically occupied an important place in the world political arena and in international relations. Favorable geographical position, rich natural resources, beautiful oases, high intellectual potential have served to further enhance the prestige of the region. In this regard, the Central Asian region is still important in modern international relations and global world politics. Strengthening regional security and stability in Central Asia is one of the important issues. In this regard, this article describes the bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the Central Asian countries and the UN in creating a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region.

«THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSHUMANIST IDEAS AND THE VALUES OF ISLAM IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION»

Mohigul Nasrullaeva — 2024-12-01

This article explores the relationship between Islam and transhumanism through the lens of Islamic ethics and bioethics, with a focus on moral and spiritual aspects. It analyzes key issues related to the use of biotechnologies, such as in vitro fertilization, human cloning, and genetic modification, from the perspective of Islamic religious and ethical norms. The study emphasizes how transhumanist ideas, aimed at overcoming biological limitations, align with traditional Islamic views on human nature, the soul, and the boundaries of scientific interventions.

FROM THE HISTORY OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN THE UPPER PART OF KASHKADARYA REGION DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

Bakhtiyar Rakhimov — 2024-11-05

This article tells about the changes that took place in the textile industry in the upper part of Kashkadarya region during the years of independence, and about the work activities of joint enterprises established in cooperation with foreign partners. Facts about the contribution of joint ventures to the economic development of the country are presented.

ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE BALTICIANS OF UZBEKISTAN

Ravshan Khomitov — 2024-12-21

In this article, migration, location, occupation and life of the Baltic peoples to Uzbekistan are researched based on specific sources.

It shows the reasons for the migration of the Baltics to the country and the influence of the national policy carried out by Soviet Russia.

It is based on the fact that the policy of inter-ethnic harmony carried out in the country during the years of independence made positive changes in the life of the Baltic people.

ABOUT THE KOZOYOGLI CLAN

A. Yarkulov — 2024-11-21

The article talks about the origin of the Alti ota Qazoyogli, one of the 92 clans of the Uzbek people, a region of the Uzbek-Turkmen, and their spread over wide areas. The six-father Qazoyogli clan was one of the ancient clans and was a part of the Oguz. Later, it participates as a component in the formation of Uzbek, Turkmen, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz and other nations.

THE EFFECT OF "NEW ECONOMIC POLICY" ON THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF TURKESTAN ASSR (EXAMPLE OF FERGANA REGION)

Rukhiddin Pathiddinov — 2024-12-21

This article highlights the impact of the "new economic policy" on the healthcare system of Turkestan during the years of Soviet power. It is based on the fact that in 1921-1923, the healthcare system of Turkestan fell into a difficult situation due to financial difficulties.