This article examines the composition of ethnic groups, their places of residence, economic activity and social status in the territory of the Khiva Khanate at the beginning of the 20th century, based on historical sources, archival documents and modern research. The strategic geographical location and historical and economic conditions of the Khiva Khanate allowed for the formation of ethnic diversity. The study also analyzes the socio-cultural relations between Uzbeks, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Arabs, Jews, Russians and other ethnic groups.

Khiva Khanate, ethnic composition, demography, interethnic relations, early 20th century, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Russians.

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