This article explores the formation and development of the concept of freedom within the ancient and medieval European philosophical traditions. The analysis demonstrates that the modern interpretation of freedom, as well as the notions of law, justice, and civil society, has its origins in the philosophy of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The subsequent evolution of philosophical and political thought has further refined both the theoretical dimensions and practical applications of these concepts, which now form the foundation for modern democratic states.

philosophy, freedom, antiquity, free will, individual, society, good, God, choice.

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