This article presents an in-depth analysis of external factors influencing the formation and development of party systems. Specifically, it examines the direct and indirect effects of global political trends, regional security challenges, economic crises, migration processes, the activities of international organizations, and external political pressures on party systems. Through a comparative approach, the study explores the experiences of various countries to determine how external influences affect political system stability, competitiveness, and the evolution of democratic institutions. The article also evaluates the internal resilience of party systems and their capacity to withstand external political interference.

party system, external factors, political stability, global politics, international organizations, political competition, democratic institutions, political evolution, geopolitical threats.

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