This article analyzes the key criteria for introducing the institution of collective complaints into administrative court proceedings, as well as the international experience with such models. The author examines the legal foundations of collective complaints, their requirements, and various models based on examples from countries such as France, Germany, Spain, Brazil, the European Union, and others. The article also discusses who may file collective complaints, the procedures for their formation (entry or exit models), and the methods and conditions for protecting rights. Furthermore, the article addresses challenges in implementing the collective complaint institution and offers recommendations. Based on the analysis, the paper presents reflections on the role and impact of these models within legal systems and explores effective ways of applying them.

collective complaints (class action), participant by agreement, procedural participation, “opt-in” and “opt-out” options.

Hensler D. R. From Sea to Shining Sea: How and Why Class Actions Are Spreading Globally, Kansas Law Review, 2017, vol. 65, pp. 965–988.

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Hensler D. R. From Sea to Shining Sea: How and Why Class Actions Are Spreading Globally // Kansas Law Review. 2017. Vol. 65. P. 965–988.