This article analyzes the political and theoretical foundations of the concept of “national interest,” its formation process, and its manifestation in foreign policy. It is emphasized that the formation of national interests is a complex and multi-stage process that requires the cooperation of political institutions, state bodies, political parties, and civil society institutions. Drawing on the concepts of scholars such as H. Morgenthau, P. A. Sigankov, J. B. Durasel, V. Trukhachev, and V. Germayer, the article discusses the permanent (central) and variable (secondary) forms of national interests, their role in international relations, and their importance as a factor determining the priorities of state foreign policy. Within the framework of political realism, the dynamic nature of national interests and their interconnection with the internal political mechanisms of the state, as well as with ideological, economic, and cultural factors in society, are scientifically explained.

national interest, political realism, foreign policy, state interests, rational approach, H. Morgenthau, P. A. Sigankov, political mechanisms, state independence, international relations.

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