After the retreat of marine waters from Central Asia during the Cenozoic era, the runoff from mountain streams created favorable conditions for the development of the region’s flora and fauna. Following Russia’s conquest of Turkestan, the resettlement of Russians to the region was regarded as “a matter of state importance.” As attention to the expansion of cotton cultivation increased, irrigation canals were constructed in the Mirzachul steppe as well. However, the measures initiated by the colonial administration—undertaken without proper consideration of the natural and soil characteristics of Mirzachul—failed to produce the expected results.

Ўзбекистон тарихи. 1-жилд, 2-китоб. – Тошкент, 1957. – 106-б.

Ўзбекистон Миллий энциклопедияси. 7-жилд. – Тошкент: “ЎзМЭ”, 2004. – 514-б.

Ўзбекистон Миллий энциклопедияси. 3-жилд. – Тошкент: “ЎзМЭ”, 2002. – 52-б.

Федченко А.П. Путешествие в Туркестан. – М.: Географгиз, 1950. – 181-с.

Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 г. LXXXIII: Самаркандская область. – Санкт-Петербург, 1905. – С. 126–127.

Марков Е. Россия в Средней Азии: Очерки путешествия по Закавказью, Туркмении, Бухаре, Самаркандской, Ташкентской и Ферганской областям, Каспийскому морю и Волге. Т. 1. – Санкт-Петербург, 1901. – С. 435–436.

Терентьев М.А. Россия и Англия в Средней Азии. – СПб., 1875. – 272-с.