This article presents a comparative political analysis of the energy security systems of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, focusing on institutional structures, resource management, reform trajectories, and long-term sustainability. Both countries share vast hydrocarbon endowments and a legacy of centralized energy governance, yet differ significantly in their strategic responses to global energy transitions. Uzbekistan has initiated notable reforms aimed at market liberalization and renewable integration, while Turkmenistan remains reliant on gas exports with limited diversification.

Energy security, natural gas, fossil fuels, energy policy, institutional reform, renewable energy, energy infrastructure, export dependency, energy diversification. regional cooperation and energy efficiency.

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