This article analyzes the political, economic, and administrative aspects of the governance of the third Rightly Guided Caliph – Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). It highlights the Caliph’s initiatives such as the unification of the Qur’an into an official standardized version, the expansion of the Bayt al-Mal (state treasury) system, the improvement of provincial administration, the establishment of a naval fleet, and efforts to ensure social justice. The article also discusses, based on historical sources, the political conflicts and internal strife (fitna) that arose during his rule and their underlying causes. The study emphasizes that Caliph Uthman’s reforms had a profound influence on the subsequent stages of Islamic civilization, and that his contributions in upholding justice, generosity, and the preservation of the Qur’an hold a significant place in the history of Muslim statehood.

Islamic civilization, Uthman ibn Affan, Qur’an codification, Bayt al-Mal, state governance, social justice, naval fleet, fitna, Rashidun Caliphs, political reforms.

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