The article is devoted to a methodological analysis of the sociological approach to the study of interethnic and international relations in the context of contemporary global transformations. The aim of the study is to identify the theoretical and methodological foundations of the sociological analysis of ethnic processes and international interactions, as well as to determine its cognitive potential and limitations in comparison with other social science approaches.

Particular attention is paid to key methodological principles of sociological research, including multilevel analysis, the principle of historicism, systemacity, comparability, and interdisciplinarity. The necessity of an integrated use of qualitative and quantitative methods is substantiated, including sociological surveys and the secondary analysis of empirical data.

sociological approach; research methodology; interethnic relations; international relations; ethnicity; social identity; social conflicts; globalization; interdisciplinary analysis; social interactions.

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