The article is devoted to the historical analysis of the Turkestan Autonomy, proclaimed on November 26–28, 1917, at the IV All-Turkestan Congress of Muslims in Kokand. It examines the circumstances of its establishment, the structure of its government, main objectives (democratization of governance, interethnic equality, reforms in the judicial, financial, and educational systems), as well as the reasons for its suppression after only 72 days by Red Army forces in February 1918. The Autonomy is evaluated as a significant milestone in the national awakening of the Turkestan peoples and their first serious attempt to establish a national state, despite its tragic end.

Turkestan Autonomy, Kokand, IV All-Turkestan Congress of Muslims, national self-determination, Mustafa Chokay, Mukhammadjon Tinishbaev, Bolsheviks, national liberation movement, Central Asia 1917–1918.

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