This article provides a detailed examination of the stages of the Middle Korean language, spanning from the 10th to the 16th century, including the Early and Late Middle Korean periods. It describes the major linguistic changes that occurred during these periods, linguistic stability, Choson-era texts, the transcriptions of Jilin Leishi and Hyangyak Kuguppang, the borrowing of words from Mongolian, the Kugyol system, the rich reserve of Chinese-origin vocabulary in Korean, and the influence of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Neo-Confucianism on the language.

Early Middle Korean, Late Middle Korean, Choson texts, transcription, Jurchens, Kugyol, Peopl’s Writing Commission.

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