The relevance of this topic is determined by the state of the modern system of international relations, economic globalization and the growing interdependence of the world as a whole, and the fact that the situation at any point in it affects the entire globe. Human development is greatly influenced by the situation in the least developed countries of the world, that is, it is impossible to predict the consequences of the instability of the military-political situation in them. Afghanistan, which is currently experiencing the longest armed conflict, is a clear example of this. The civil war led to the disintegration of the Afghan people. One of the important indicators of these processes is the lack of a strong central government and the continuing ethnic division of the country. The fact that the Civil War has been going on for more than 30 years indicates that tensions within ethnic relations are increasing and deepening. The national issue is one of the most difficult problems in the socio-political life of the country. Although the roots of this crisis go back to the long history of Afghan statehood, it was not long before it manifested itself in exactly this way. The study of the ethnic and national composition of the civil war in Afghanistan will help to find the dynamics of its development and its solution. Ethno-political processes have a direct impact on the development of any profession. In this case, an analysis of the ethnic situation of the Afghan state over the last 250 years is crucial.

ethnogenesis, Pashtunocentrism, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

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