This study examines the increasing attention to cotton cultivation in the Fergana Valley at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Driven by the Russian Empire's colonial policies and rising global demand for cotton, the region transformed into a significant agricultural hub. While this shift brought economic opportunities and enhanced local livelihoods, it also led to social inequalities and environmental challenges, including soil degradation and water scarcity. Understanding this historical context is crucial for addressing contemporary agricultural issues and promoting sustainable practices in the Fergana Valley today.

Cotton cultivation, Fergana Valley, Russian Empire, Economic transformation, Agricultural practices

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