This article examines the reformist ideas proposed by Muhammad Abdo and their influence on the development of modernist movements in 20th-century Arab philosophy. The article analyzes Abdo‘s views on religious, social, and political reforms, and explores the role of his ideas in shaping modernism in the Arab world. Furthermore, the article provides a comparative analysis of various modernist currents in 20th-century Arab philosophy, their main characteristics, and their interrelation with Abdo‘s ideas. The research results indicate that Muhammad Abdo‘s ideas served as an important impetus for Arab modernism and significantly influenced the views of subsequent thinkers.

Muhammad Abdo, Islamic Reform, Arab Philosophy, Modernism, Comparative Analysis, 20th Century, Religious Reform, Social Reform, Political Reform, Arab World

Abdo, M. (1900). رسالة التوحيد. القاهرة: المنار. (Risalat at-Tavhid. Qohira: Al-munari).

Hourani, A. (1983). Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Khaled, K. M. (1966). محمد عبده: جديد الإسلام. القاهرة: دار الكتاب العربي. (Muhammad Abdo: Jadidul Islam. Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi).

Tarabishi, G. (1998). إشكالية الديمقراطية في الوطن العربي. عمان: منتدى عبد الحميد شومان الثقفي (Ishkaliyyat al-dimuqratiyyah fi al-watan al-arabi. Amman: Muntada 'Abd al-Hamid Shoman al-thaqafi).

YUNESKO. (2023). Education for All Global Monitoring Report. Paris: UNESCO. Internet manbaa. URL: https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en

Jahon banki. (2024). Arab World Economic Update. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. Internet manbaa. URL: http://worldbank.org/en/region/mena/publication/middle-east-and-north-africa-economic-update