Fakhr al-Din al-Razi was born on January 25, 1150, in the city of Rayy, as the son of the Ash‘ari scholar Ziya al-Din Umar. He studied religious sciences from Shafi‘i and Ash‘ari scholars, who were students of Juwayni, in cities such as Rayy, Nishapur, and Maragha under the rule of the Seljuks of Iraq. He acquired philosophical and scientific knowledge that had reached the Islamic world, including Avicenna’s philosophy, from his teacher Majd al-Din al-Jili (d. 584/1188). Fakhr al-Din al-Razi is considered the first and most influential figure of the second classical period in the history of Islamic thought — a period marked by intellectual and conceptual transformation following al-Ghazali. Razi, who was prolific in various fields, particularly theology and philosophy, identified the defining characteristics of universal sciences and was honored with the title “al-Imam” for reforming theology. Based on the object of this study, the article attempts to provide a broader overview of the scientific and spiritual legacy of this thinker.

Qur’an, fiqh, usul al-fiqh, kalam, philosophy, Aristotle, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Imam al-Ghazali.

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