This article analyzes the formation of the rights of persons with disabilities and attitudes toward them from ancient times to the Middle Ages, focusing on their historical, cultural, and religious foundations. Using examples from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, as well as the Islamic and Christian worlds, the study examines socio-political and legal approaches to people with disabilities. The author compares similarities and differences in perceptions of disability across various societies, highlighting the complex interplay between religious beliefs, cultural values, and economic factors. Special attention is given to how historical experiences influenced the subsequent development of disability rights.

persons with disabilities, historical analysis, ancient period, Middle Ages, legal status, cultural and religious factors, social integration.

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