This article discusses the organizational and legal mechanism of social protection of the population in the Republic of Uzbekistan, focusing on issues of theory and practice.

This article analyzes the measures implemented in Uzbekistan during the years of independence to protect women’s rights, safeguard motherhood and childhood, promote the formation of a healthy family, and develop social partnership mechanisms. It highlights that enhancing the role and status of women in the country’s socio-political life has been one of the priority areas of state policy. In particular, the Law “On Social Partnership,” which serves as the main legal basis in this field, is discussed.

This article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the symmetric and asymmetric aspects of the spiritual sphere of society. The study demonstrates that in spiritual development, symmetry is expressed as mutual respect between the individual and society, the harmony of personal and collective interests, the unity of values, the universality of moral norms, and spiritual tranquility. Asymmetry, on the other hand, is identified as a factor which, due to contradictions and disproportions in the process of spiritual development, leads to the emergence of new values and cultural forms. It is also substantiated that ensuring the unity of spiritual symmetry and asymmetry serves as the key mechanism for the development of society.

This article analyzes the philosophical and educational ideas of Jadidism in the context of the modern world. The main thesis is that this movement, which originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, has lost none of its relevance today. The study examines Jadidist ideas in four main areas: the philosophy of education, tolerance and intercultural dialogue, the harmony of traditions and modernization, and the role of women in society. The relevance of each area to the present day is scientifically substantiated using examples from the works of Jadidist figures such as Mahmudhodj Behbudi and Abdurauf Fitrat. The article examines Jadidist ideas in promoting education against ignorance, the pursuit of modern knowledge while preserving national identity, and the active participation of women in public life. The conclusion emphasizes that the legacy of Jadidism is not only a historical phenomenon, but also an applied philosophical basis for solving complex global problems such as backwardness, extremism, and intercultural conflicts.

The most important achievement of Uzbekistan in the years since independence has been stability and security, as well as interethnic and religious tolerance. In its ethnopolitical policy, Uzbekistan prioritizes providing conditions and opportunities for all ethnic groups to develop and assert themselves, preserve their cultural and linguistic identity, and fully realize their spiritual and intellectual potential. The establishment of 157 National Cultural Centers (NCCs) during the years of independence is a testament to the implementation of the constitutional principles of equal rights for ethnic groups.

Among the NCCs, a special place is occupied by the Kyrgyz Cultural and Educational Center, which coordinates the activities of its territorial units in the Andijan, Fergana, Namangan, Jizzakh, and Syrdarya regions. The main objectives of the center are to preserve the unique spiritual wealth, cultural heritage, customs, traditions, language, history, and identity of the Kyrgyz people, and to pass them on to future generations. The center organizes various contests, meetings with prominent representatives of science and culture in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, book presentations, and evenings dedicated to strengthening the Uzbek-Kyrgyz friendship.

In conclusion, we can say that the Kyrgyz people living in Uzbekistan consider it their homeland. During the years of independence, they, like other nations, were given opportunities for self-realization. As a result, they have revived their customs and traditions, as well as their national holidays and rituals. Additionally, the active members of the center contribute to strengthening the political and economic ties between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, serving as a bridge of people-to-people diplomacy.

The article analyzes in detail the content and essence of social conflicts and classifications of their historically changing nature, the evolution of the historical and social views of Eastern thinkers on political conflicts.

The article provides a deep philosophical and psychological analysis of the essence of perception and its significance in comprehending the world. It highlights the views of ancient thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle, the teachings of European philosophers Descartes, Kant, and Hegel, as well as the ideas of Eastern scholars including Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Al-Biruni, and Alisher Navoi. Definitions of perception are comparatively examined, and its connection with sensation, thinking, and consciousness is revealed. Within psychological and neuropsychological approaches, the importance of perception in decision-making, concentration, social adaptation, and critical analysis of information is analyzed. Furthermore, the article discusses the role of perception in individual and social life, particularly in shaping the consciousness of youth, and demonstrates its new dimensions in the context of globalization and digital media.

This article provides a comparative analysis of Hakim Termizi and Abu Hilal al-Askari’s views on the theory of synonymy. It highlights Termizi’s mystical approach with references to the Qur’an and Hadith, and Askari’s linguistic methodology, revealing their distinctive contributions to Arabic linguistics and lexicographical studies.

This article provides a profound socio-philosophical examination of the interrelation between historical consciousness and axiological worldview, framing them as foundational categories of contemporary social philosophy. The author conceptualizes these constructs not merely as determinants of social cognition, but as epistemic structures central to identity formation, cultural continuity, and ideological legitimation in post-totalitarian societies. Historical consciousness is analyzed as a reflexive modality through which societies internalize their past, incorporate it into the present cognitive landscape, and project future social orientations. In parallel, the axiological worldview is interpreted as a normative framework for value-based perception and critical evaluation of socio-cultural phenomena. Particular attention is given to the context of Uzbekistan, where these concepts undergo a transformation influenced by national revival, postcolonial reconstruction, and global dynamics. Through a critical lens, the article exposes the selective narration of history, declarative nature of value systems, and risks of ideological reductionism. Consequently, the study affirms the role of these categories as conceptual instruments for ensuring societal coherence, cultural resilience, and philosophical integrity in the modern world.

This article analyzes the socio-ethical views of Abdurahmon Sayyoh (Abdurahmon Tashkandi) and his editorial activities. Particular attention is given to the “Al-Isloh” journal, which addressed religious-legal issues, family relations, codes of conduct, and socio-economic problems through its Q&A sections. The article also examines the moral principles outlined in his work “Me’yor ul-axloq” and their significance in the educational system of the Jadid era.

Philosophy and mathematics are among the oldest and most fundamental foundations of human thought. Their roots trace back to the cultures of ancient East and Greece. Both originate from humanity’s striving to understand the universe, seek order and laws, and comprehend the essence of life. The role of philosophy in shaping the worldview of youth. Philosophy has long defined the direction of human thinking. It develops critical thinking.

The article explores the history of Samarkand State University during the 1920s and 1930s. It discusses the university's establishment as one of the largest higher education institutions in the republic, and its current role in training scientific and pedagogical personnel. Through an analysis of archival documents and periodical press materials, the article also examines the impact of political processes during this time on the development of historical knowledge in the republic.

This article presents information about the development of the ancient fishing culture in the Amu Darya basin, the role of fish and fish dishes in medicine and the daily life of the population.

This article broadly covers the issues of ensuring gender equality and family harmony in an enlightened society. Gender equality is the equal opportunities of men and women in the political, legal, social and economic spheres, and family harmony is seen as an important factor in the stability of society and raising children. The study analyzes the scientific views of international organizations such as the UN, UNESCO, ILO, the World Bank, as well as scientists such as Amartya Sen, Nancy Fraser, Judith Butler. It also highlights the importance of the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan in recent years, in particular, the Law "On Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men" adopted in 2019. Based on foreign experience, the need to include gender equality in educational programs, expand the active participation of women in the labor market, eliminate legal gaps, and develop family businesses is emphasized. At the same time, mechanisms for strengthening family harmony through cooperation between NGOs, civil society institutions and state policy are shown. In conclusion, it is substantiated that gender equality and family stability are important conditions for social development.

The article analyzes the process of formation of the ideas of religious tolerance and freedom of conscience in the history of socio-philosophical thought of the ancient East and their gradual development. Religious views formed in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China, and based on them, ideas aimed at ensuring harmony and stability in the life of society are illuminated on a scientific basis. In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, the principles of spiritual freedom, the right to choose one's faith, and tolerance are analyzed. Also, the views of ancient Eastern thinkers on religious freedom and moral values are explained by their role in strengthening social solidarity. The article shows that these ideas created a theoretical basis for the philosophical views of the next period and their influence on the formation of modern concepts of religious tolerance. Thus, in ancient Eastern thought, the ideas of religious harmony are analyzed as an important layer of the spiritual heritage of humanity.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the writing style in Burhaniddin Mahmud ibn Ahmad al-Bukhari’s work Zakhira. It examines the author’s methods of argumentation, linguistic and stylistic features, his reliance on the Qur’an and Sunnah in substantiating juridical decisions, as well as his use of such methods as qiyas, istihsan, ‘urf, and maslahah. The work is compared with other collections of fatwas and is also studied from the perspective of modern academic research.

This article examines the international legal regulation of maintenance obligations from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Special emphasis is placed on the 2007 Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance. The paper discusses the main provisions of the Convention, its scope of application, its interaction with national legislation, and its significance for ensuring the effective enforcement of maintenance obligations. Additionally, challenges in the practical implementation of the Convention’s norms and possible solutions are highlighted.

This article examines the socio-philosophical views of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the context of the intercultural dialogue between East and West. The author draws attention to the fact that Jinnah, relying on both Muslim values and Western philosophical and legal heritage, developed his own concept of cultural interaction. Special attention is paid to Jinnah's desire for harmony between tradition and modernity, tolerance and respect for different cultures. The author shows that Jinnah's views remain relevant for modern philosophical comparative studies and intercultural philosophy, especially in the context of the global challenges of the 21st century.

This article analyzes, from a scientific perspective, the complex impact of migration processes on the value systems of societies. Migration is not only a demographic or economic phenomenon but also a multi-layered process that leads to a radical restructuring of social consciousness, normative paradigms, and cultural identity.

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical impact of artificial intelligence on the formation of an individual’s worldview. It examines the changes taking place in the thinking, values, and social consciousness of the younger generation in the context of the digital society and technological progress. The study highlights both the positive and negative aspects of artificial intelligence and emphasizes the necessity of ensuring a dialectical balance between national and universal values.

In this article, we aim to study legal consciousness and culture, its role in the establishment of a democratic, legal and social state. In it, the structural structure and essence of legal consciousness, legal culture were philosophically analyzed, and the interrelationship of their elements was justified.

Legal consciousness, which is a component of social consciousness, affects the development of society, the level of social life, encourages people to manage themselves in a certain way, to work within the framework of accepted laws and regulations. Therefore, for the effectiveness of legal culture and the formation of the behavior of the citizen within the framework of the law, it was emphasized that it is necessary to achieve the harmony of legal and moral consciousness, not only legal consciousness itself.

The scientific article describes the role of philosophical education and upbringing in the search for alternative ways of developing society in the context of globalization, its methodological significance for the democratic reform of the education and training system of our country, as well as the need to study the multidimensional connections between its objects and subjects in improving the concept of sustainable development society. Philosophical ideas that have scientific and practical significance are presented.

The article analyzes the significance of national values and considers the issues of forming social responsibility of an individual in a family on their basis. The importance of forming such qualities as awareness of one's duty to society, hard work, high spirituality through national traditions, customs, family relations and spiritual education is shown. Attention is also paid to the role of effective application of national values in the process of family education in raising a harmonious generation. The effectiveness of this process is illustrated by scientifically based approaches and examples from practice.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of Ahmad Donish’s attitude toward the philosophy of man within his philosophical heritage. In his works, Donish particularly emphasizes human spiritual perfection, the role of reason and thinking, man’s place in social life, and his responsibility in the development of society. He interprets man not only as a social being but also as a transformative force capable of changing himself and society through enlightenment and science. The study examines Ahmad Donish’s views in close connection with Eastern philosophy, the ideas of enlightenment, and national values. The findings demonstrate that issues of human freedom, spirituality, and moral responsibility remain relevant in the modern era.

This article analyzes the scientific and theoretical foundations of the functions of the prosecutor's offices of foreign countries, information on this area, and the opinions of scientists. In particular, a comparative legal analysis of the functions of the prosecutor's offices of China, Germany, France, Russia, and Portugal will be conducted. It also discusses the types of functions of the prosecutor's office and how they are implemented in different legal systems. At the same time, scientifically based proposals will be developed for the necessary changes in the functions of the prosecutor's office over legislative acts regulating new social relations in the current era of digitalization.

This article focuses on the description of cybercrime among young people, the improvement of criminal prosecution and liability for various crimes committed using the latest information technologies, as well as the state and prospects for the development of the fight against cybercrime.

The study of the period of origin and existence of settlements belonging to nomadic tribes that lived on the territory of Central Asia differs slightly when solistizing with a more sedentary population. As a component of the region, Northern Bactria has many years of major studies in this regard. This area is further grouped from several based on its geographical features. The article is about the study of the settlements of the nomadic tribes of Northern Bactria and its current classification, significance in science.

This article examines the role of investigative journalism in the system of public control in the Republic of Uzbekistan, its normative-legal foundations and institutional mechanisms, as well as the laws and regulations adopted during the years of independence. The legal status of mass media and their importance in strengthening civil society are analyzed on a scientific basis. Special attention is paid to the role of investigative journalism in ensuring transparency, combating corruption, increasing the openness of state bodies’ activities, and protecting the rights and interests of citizens.

This article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the philosophy of education, its historical roots, various approaches, and its significance in practice. The philosophical perspectives of Renaissance scholars - al-Khwarizmi, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, and Abu Ali Ibn Sina - on education are analyzed. In addition, attention is given to the development of natural-philosophical and social sciences, the establishment of scientific centers and academies, and their role in the progress of society.

The article analyzes the significance of the prosecutor’s participation in civil proceedings, its legal foundations, and practical aspects. Based on the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office,” and other normative acts, the functions and powers of the prosecutor are disclosed. The essence of prosecutorial supervision, scholarly perspectives, and its role in judicial practice are also highlighted. Using examples and statistical data, the article demonstrates the role of the prosecutor’s participation in civil cases in ensuring the rule of law, protecting rights and freedoms, and safeguarding the interests of society and the state. In conclusion, proposals are made to improve the efficiency of prosecutorial activities and to expand the prosecutor’s powers in certain areas (ecology, environmental protection, property disputes).

This article highlights the specific aspects of the distinction between agreements and contracts, and shows that agreements arise as a result of actions aimed at establishing, changing and canceling civil rights and obligations between individuals, their legal status is considered one of the main institutions of civil law, private law, and their specific aspects are highlighted based on legal sources. In addition, the fact that an agreement is distinguished from other legal facts by the fact that it creates a certain legal consequence and achieves a legal result through it is highlighted with examples.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the history of the formation of psychology as a science, its role in society, and the existence of ideas about psychology since ancient times, psychological characteristics in early times, and scientists who recognized these psychological views.

The article analyzes the general requirements for housing finance contracts under Islamic finance and the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as their specific differences. In the Islamic finance system, contracts are concluded in accordance with the norms of Sharia and do not contain prohibited elements such as usury (riba), gambling (maysir), or uncertainty (gharar). In addition, the subject matter of the contract must be based exclusively on permissible (halal) activities, profit and risk must be fairly distributed between the parties, and the transaction must comply with the principle of realism. National legislation, in particular the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, guarantees the freedom to conclude contracts and the freedom to define terms that do not contradict the law. The study explains the reasons for the prohibition of riba, as well as the principle that housing finance contracts in Islamic finance must be based on real assets. In this regard, it is shown that in the practice of traditional mortgage lending, the bank acts only as a lender, receiving income in the form of interest, whereas in Islamic finance, the financial institution is the owner of the asset and shares the risk and profit with the client. The article also provides a scholarly analysis of the common features of Islamic finance principles and national legal norms, as well as their converging and differing aspects. The freedom to conclude contracts in accordance with the principles of Islamic finance, within the framework of the existing principle of freedom of contract, is considered as a legal mechanism that grants individuals and legal entities the opportunity to define their rights and obligations based on Sharia requirements and to freely include terms that do not contradict the law.

This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of how the Cold War era has been studied in foreign historiography. The research explores the theoretical and methodological approaches, debates, and scholarly perspectives of various historical schools in an expanded manner. The traditional, revisionist, post-revisionist, and new historical approaches proposed by American and Western European historians at different times are analyzed in detail, and their scholarly and ideological characteristics are presented comparatively. Furthermore, within the framework of the modern concept of global history, the reinterpretation of Cold War history, new methodological approaches, changes in contemporary scientific paradigms, and the main trends in current research are discussed in detail.

This article analyzes the increasing activity of young people with disabilities as a necessity for social progress. It also discusses the role of civil society institutions in the socialization of young people with disabilities.

This article analyzes the sources in Abu Bakr Haddad’s work al-Jawhara al-Nayyira and examines his methodological approach to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) on a scholarly basis. In this work, the author relied on more than 70 different texts and over 60 renowned jurists and scholars. Alongside the main sources of Hanafi jurisprudence, the book also presents the opinions of scholars from other madhhabs, which further enhances its jurisprudential and methodological significance. The study focuses primarily on identifying the most frequently cited sources, analyzing the number of quotations, and their thematic distribution. In addition, the author’s attitude towards comparative fiqh, his method of argumentation, and his criteria for source selection are discussed. As a result, the encyclopedic value and methodological features of the work are revealed.

This article analyzes the life and scholarly heritage of the prominent medieval scholar Rukn al-Din Ubaydullah al-Samarqandi. It examines the era in which he lived, the socio-political context, the main directions of his intellectual activity, as well as his contributions to the fields of fiqh, kalam, and philosophy. Furthermore, the article highlights the influence of al-Samarqandi’s ideas on later generations of thinkers and the contemporary relevance of his legacy.

The article provides a scholarly analysis of the formation and development of the civil defense system in Uzbekistan during the 1960s–1970s. It examines the reasons behind the transition from the local air defense system to civil defense, the organizational and legal foundations of this process, and the impact of Soviet-era political decisions and regulatory acts. The main tasks of civil defense—protecting the population from weapons of mass destruction, ensuring the resilience of the national economy, and eliminating the consequences of emergencies—are discussed in detail. The article highlights the organization of training sessions, practical drills, evacuation and dispersal measures, the construction of shelters, and the provision of personal protective equipment. The findings of the study reveal the specific features of the civil defense system, its strengths and weaknesses, and underline its scientific and practical significance for ensuring population safety in contemporary emergency situations.

This article analyzes the formation of the rights of persons with disabilities and attitudes toward them from ancient times to the Middle Ages, focusing on their historical, cultural, and religious foundations. Using examples from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, as well as the Islamic and Christian worlds, the study examines socio-political and legal approaches to people with disabilities. The author compares similarities and differences in perceptions of disability across various societies, highlighting the complex interplay between religious beliefs, cultural values, and economic factors. Special attention is given to how historical experiences influenced the subsequent development of disability rights.

In this article, the author analyzed a number of theoretical approaches to the definition of political parties. Political parties play an important role in the development of democracy and civil society, but there is no consensus on their definition. The article examines classical theories (for example, the approaches of Western European and CIS scientists), functional, electoral, and ideological approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be analyzed, and its application in the context of Uzbekistan will be discussed. As a result, the author proposes a personal approach, based on the view of parties as a political structure of society.

The article analyzes cooperation in the field of education within the framework of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), focusing on institutional mechanisms and strategic guidelines of the "Vision of the Turkic World - 2040," the "Strategy for 2025-2026," as well as decisions from meetings of education ministers. Special attention is given to the provisions of the "Charter of the Turkic World," which establishes value-normative guidelines and provides a practical dimension for educational integration within the OTS. Key initiatives are examined, including academic mobility through the "Orkhun Exchange Program" (Orkhun Process), the "sister schools" model, the Al-Khwarizmi Turkic Youth Olympiad, preparation of school textbooks on "General Turkic History," "General Turkic Literature," "General Turkic Geography," the digital language agenda (Big Turkic Language Model), and the role of the Turkic Academy in education. Special emphasis is placed on Uzbekistan as one of the key initiators of integration processes: digitalization of education, coordination of the Olympiad direction, development of educational materials, and expansion of the partnership network within the "Orkhun Process." The contribution of the Union of Turkic Universities (TURKUNIB) and the International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY) to the formation of a unified educational space for Turkic countries is highlighted.

This article emphasizes the importance of studying international experience in reforming public administration systems, exploring its advanced aspects, and substantiating the possibility of implementing it in domestic practice. In this regard, it is important to analyze the organization and activities of local government bodies in foreign countries, identify appropriate governance models in them, and develop proposals for further improving the constitutional and legal status of local council deputies in Uzbekistan, defining their characteristics.

The article presents a statistical analysis of demographic indicators of Uzbekistan's development using the example of the city of Tashkent.

In this article, during the research activity of the scientist Mamajon Rahmanov, the stages of development of the Uzbek national theater art, from the history of its emergence to the present, are studied, and the literature and articles published on his work are studied and analyzed. what is done is highlighted. Mamajon Rakhmanov's books covering the field of theater studies are as rich in content as the articles written by him are unique. He has been actively participating in several newspapers and magazines of our republic with a series of articles written on the development of theater art and theater criticism. In each of his articles and monographs, the scientific and practical activities carried out with a number of innovations in the field of theater are covered.

This article analyzes the content of the work “Sharh Mushkilot al-Quduriy”, the scientific-methodological approach applied by the author, and his methods of interpretation. Furthermore, it examines certain methodological and substantive errors found in the text, their causes, and their significance for further research. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of source analysis, comparative-methodological approach, and historical investigations.

The article discusses the phenomenon of globalization, its impact on the lives of humanity, especially young people, the acceleration of economic, political, cultural and information processes on a global scale, and the features of the manifestation of integration processes in the countries of the Middle East and Uzbekistan.

This article scientifically and theoretically analyzes the role of the harmony of music and philosophy in the formation of the concept of aesthetic taste and beauty in the minds of young people. The author highlights the problems of aesthetic consciousness, spiritual harmony and perception of beauty through the influence of music on the human soul through the senses and the penetration of philosophy into the process of perception through thinking. Practical suggestions are also given on the pedagogical effectiveness of using philosophical approaches in music lessons.

The article examines the stages of the emergence and evolution of civil society institutions in the context of the history of international law. The key historical prerequisites for the formation of these institutions are analyzed, starting from the early forms of public associations and up to modern non-governmental organizations operating in the international arena. Particular attention is paid to the influence of international treaties, declarations and resolutions on the development and institutionalization of civil society on a global scale. Examples of interaction between civil institutions and interstate organizations are considered, as well as their role in promoting human rights, democratic values and sustainable development. The material may be useful for researchers, students and practitioners interested in issues of international law and the development of civil society.

The article presented provides a detailed analysis of the changes that occurred in Russia's foreign economic activity management system during the historical period spanning the second half of the 19th century to the early 20th century. The primary focus is on examining the characteristics of financial and economic policies related to foreign relations, the reorganization of state institutions pertinent to the field of study, as well as identifying the interconnections between the most significant events in the historical process.

This article analyzes the role of inter-parliamentary cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Kyrgyz Republic in strengthening regional trust in Central Asia. The study covers the period from 2017 to 2024 and employs institutional, discourse, and case study methods. Key forms of cooperation are identified, including the establishment of a joint commission, friendship groups, participation in parliamentary forums, and coordination of agreements on borders and migration. The findings demonstrate that inter-parliamentary dialogue functions as a stabilizing mechanism and contributes to reducing political tensions. The article proposes institutional measures to deepen cooperation, such as the creation of a permanent coordination mechanism and the development of a joint parliamentary agenda on migrant rights.

This article examines specific aspects of the effective application of special and victimological prevention measures in the timely prevention of crimes committed through internet networks in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It analyzes the types of legal prevention of offenses provided for in national legislation, particularly focusing on special and victimological preventive measures. The article also offers concrete proposals for implementing preventive strategies aimed at combating cybercrimes more effectively.

This article studies the change of government in Turkestan in 1917-1924, the emergence of ideological processes, the widespread promotion of communist ideas in educational and public organizations, and the introduction of non-traditional methods of governance in the government system.

This article analyzes the content, stages, and outcomes of reforms carried out in the internal affairs system of Uzbekistan. Based on presidential decrees and resolutions, the reforms in crime prevention, personnel training, neighborhood-level crime control, and the protection of citizensʻ rights and interests are examined. Furthermore, the article highlights the social significance of these transformations and outlines their future prospects.

This article examines the international legal regulation of alimony obligations complicated by a foreign element. In particular, it analyzes the content and scope of application of the Hague Conventions of 1956, 1973, and 2007, as well as their interaction with national legal norms. Special attention is given to the mechanisms for resolving maintenance disputes under these conventions and their significance in the development of international family law.

Civil society institutions and state oversight are two main pillars of the oversight system in democratic governance. This article examines the necessity of integrating public (civil society) oversight with state control from theoretical and practical perspectives. The study reviews the legal foundations of public oversight in Uzbekistan, the significance of state-society cooperation, and international experience. The findings indicate that the harmonious collaboration of state oversight and public control over government activities is a crucial factor in ensuring transparency, accountability, and effectiveness in governance.

This article provides information about the specific philosophical views of music in different periods in the study of musical heritage. The article provides information about the thoughts and scientific research of thinkers during the period of the development of musical heritage. Examples of books based on music science by thinkers are given.

This article analyzes the essence of the concept of digital spirituality in New Uzbekistan and its development directions. In the process of digital transformation, the influence of information technologies, social networks, and the virtual environment on the formation of spiritual values is highlighted. It also reveals the role of digital spirituality in the development of moral norms, cultural communication, and educational activities in society. The article substantiates directions for strengthening spirituality in the digital space, strengthening spiritual immunity in the minds of young people, and forming the principles of digital ethics.

This article presents an analysis of a sociological study conducted among female students living in university dormitories across Uzbekistan in March–April 2025. The study examined living conditions, socio-psychological state, moral environment in dormitories, and solicited suggestions for improvement. The findings indicate that the majority of female students are satisfied with the overall living conditions and moral climate in the dormitories, yet certain issues persist regarding safety and psychological support. In the context of foreign experience (Japan, South Korea, etc.), the conditions provided for women in student dormitories abroad, safety measures, and support systems are briefly described as a comparative basis, informing recommendations for local dormitories.

This article analyzes the transformation trends of social thinking in the process of forming and developing a digital society. It highlights the changes in worldview, social consciousness, and social behavior of people under the conditions of global digital transformation. Particular attention is paid to the impact of modern information and communication technologies on social thinking, as well as their positive and negative aspects.

The article examines the emergence and development of anthropology in Uzbekistan, personnel issues at different stages of the history of Uzbekistan, conducted scientific research and expeditions, as well as their place in our history.

This article examines the spread of Islam in Western Europe and the formation of political perspectives toward it within both historical and contemporary contexts. It focuses on the integration processes of Muslim communities, issues of religious freedom and political Islam, as well as concerns over security and radicalization. The findings demonstrate that Islam has become an essential factor in Europe’s political, social, and cultural life, yet perceptions of it have consistently remained complex and contested.

The article examines the socio-philosophical impact of the formation and development of digital civilization on the national education system. Digital transformation is considered not only as technological modernization but also as a complex process affecting social consciousness, culture, and national identity. In the digital environment, the national education system emerges not only as an object of modernization but also as an institution that strengthens humanistic values, national identity, and social stability. The study applies critical, reflexive, and axiological approaches to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of digital transformation on education.

This article explores the importance of victimology within the crime prevention system. It defines the concept of victimhood, highlights the main directions of victimological prevention, and emphasizes the significance of interagency cooperation and preventive work with vulnerable population groups.

Education, school, teacher, general secondary education, preschool educational institutions, education, vocational technical school, higher education.

This article explores the life and scholarly contributions of Zahid al-Kawthari, a prominent figure of Islamic scholarship in the last century. A significant portion of al-Kawthari’s intellectual legacy is dedicated to writing refutations against the rising trend of anti-madhhab (non-school-based) ideologies that were gradually spreading in certain regions during his time. In addition to this, the scholar was also actively engaged in various other branches of Islamic sciences, leaving a lasting impact through his multifaceted academic work.

The article is dedicated to the study of how the 1873-1876 uprising in the Kokand Khanate is reflected in oral sources, as well as to the personality of its leader, Iskhak Asan uulu, and his role in the national liberation movement. Through a comprehensive analysis of archival documents, oral traditions, and folk folklore, the socio-political context of the era is revealed – characterized by the strengthening of the Kokand Khanate’s power and the expanding influence of the Russian Empire. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the image of Pulat Khan in popular memory and his significance for Kyrgyz national consciousness. The study emphasizes the need for systematic research and the promotion of the historical figure’s legacy to strengthen patriotism and preserve cultural identity. It also notes that the study of Pulat Khan’s heritage and the revival of his memory should become a priority for historians, writers, and cultural figures.