This article examines the origin, development, and institutionalization of dictation (imlaʾ) sessions, which played a crucial role in the advancement of hadith science throughout Islamic history. Based on historical sources, the study explores how the method of dictation was employed during the periods of the Companions, their Followers, and the Followers of the Followers in the process of documenting hadiths. The article analyzes the social, ethical, and methodological norms established for this practice, as well as the roles and procedures of the mumli and mustamli institutions. Special attention is given to ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad al-Samʿānī’s work “Ādāb al-Imlaʾ wa’l-Istimlaʾ”, one of the earliest structured treatises on the etiquette of dictation. Additionally, the continuation and evolution of this tradition in later centuries, particularly within scholarly circles and madrasas, is critically discussed. By shedding light on the emergence of a written culture of hadith transmission, this article also highlights the contemporary methodological significance of this scholarly legacy.

Hadith, dictation, transmission, writing, narrator, session, discussion, mumli, mustamli.

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