The purpose of this study is to analyze the Great Silk Road not only as a trade route, but also as a corridor for the exchange of fundamental knowledge, technologies, and cultural values between East and West during Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The article is based on a systematic historical analysis, a comparative-conceptual approach, and the interpretation of academic sources indexed in the Scopus database, including the works of scholars such as S. Frederick Starr, Peter Frankopan, and Edvard Rtveladze.

The research demonstrates that Central Asia served as a global intellectual hub during the period known as the “Eastern Renaissance.” The algorithms of Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, the medical canons of Ibn Sina, and the astronomical tables of Mirzo Ulugh Beg spread across vast regions through the Silk Road network and contributed significantly to the foundations of the European Renaissance. Furthermore, the dissemination of papermaking technology and the widespread use of “Samarkand paper” played a crucial role in the popularization and advancement of science and knowledge.

The heritage of the Silk Road continues to serve as a historical and ethical foundation for contemporary processes of global integration, particularly initiatives such as Belt and Road Initiative. The study concludes that the principles of cultural tolerance and scientific openness remain key factors for achieving future global stability.

Great Silk Road, Eastern Renaissance, cultural transfer, history of science, Central Asian scholars, scientific diplomacy, technological exchange.

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