This article analyzes the unique cultural and spiritual heritage of the Surkhan oasis, specifically the history of the Sherobod school of bakhshi (epic chanting) and the formation of theatrical art in the region. Based on archival data, the study examines the ideological pressures during the Soviet regime, the bans imposed on the “Alpomish” epic, and the struggles to preserve national identity. Furthermore, it highlights the revival of the art of bakhshi during the independence years and the significance of the International Festival of Bakhshi Art held in Termez in safeguarding national values and traditions.

This article studies the technologies of working with information sources by the mass media from a theoretical and practical perspective. The study analyzes the conceptual approaches of foreign and national scientists and studies the application of existing methods in local practice. A survey of journalists and a content analysis of the newspapers "Yangi Uzbekiston" and "Hurriyat" serve as an empirical basis. The results show that a large part of journalists prefer the Internet and social networks as their main sources. Practical proposals are put forward to ensure information verification, hyperlink culture, and source reliability.

This article analyzes the importance of economic procedural law in a market economy and its role in the effective resolution of economic disputes in Uzbekistan. It highlights key issues such as gaps in legislation, inconsistencies in judicial practice, and insufficient digitalization of the judicial system. The paper also proposes measures to develop e-justice, strengthen mediation mechanisms, and improve the enforcement of court decisions.

The article reveals the complex social functions of social memory, which transmit the historical experience, values, traditions and knowledge of society from generation to generation, and its role and significance in the process of remembering the past, as well as its understanding, interpretation and adaptation to the needs of the present. This concept has been formed throughout the development of mankind and has acquired different meanings in different periods. This article analyzes the essence of the concept of social memory, the process of its formation (genesis) and the stages of historical development (evolution). It also sheds light on the role of social memory in the life of society and its impact on cultural and spiritual development on a scientific basis.

This article scientifically analyzes the essence and content of the collectivization policy implemented in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period, its socio-economic and political foundations, and its impact on social life. The study employs the methods of historicism, systematic approach, comparative analysis, and source studies. It is substantiated that the collectivization policy carried out in Uzbekistan during the 1920s–1930s not only radically transformed the agricultural system, but also had a negative impact on national values, traditional property relations, and the lifestyle of peasants. In addition, the article examines the policy of dekulakization, the system of forced labor, the formation of cotton monoculture, and its long-term consequences. According to the results of the study, although the collectivization policy served short-term economic goals, its social and demographic consequences negatively affected the lives of the population for many years.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Great Silk Road not only as a trade route, but also as a corridor for the exchange of fundamental knowledge, technologies, and cultural values between East and West during Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The article is based on a systematic historical analysis, a comparative-conceptual approach, and the interpretation of academic sources indexed in the Scopus database, including the works of scholars such as S. Frederick Starr, Peter Frankopan, and Edvard Rtveladze.

The research demonstrates that Central Asia served as a global intellectual hub during the period known as the “Eastern Renaissance.” The algorithms of Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, the medical canons of Ibn Sina, and the astronomical tables of Mirzo Ulugh Beg spread across vast regions through the Silk Road network and contributed significantly to the foundations of the European Renaissance. Furthermore, the dissemination of papermaking technology and the widespread use of “Samarkand paper” played a crucial role in the popularization and advancement of science and knowledge.

The heritage of the Silk Road continues to serve as a historical and ethical foundation for contemporary processes of global integration, particularly initiatives such as Belt and Road Initiative. The study concludes that the principles of cultural tolerance and scientific openness remain key factors for achieving future global stability.

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of international standards for ensuring the procedural rights of minors and their implementation in national legislation. It examines UN instruments, EU Directive 2016/800, the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as regulatory models in Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, and several CIS countries. Three conceptual approaches are identified: the formal-normative, paternalistic, and functional (child-friendly justice) models. The study argues that international standards recognize minors not merely as objects of protection but as active procedural subjects whose views and psychological condition must have real influence on decision-making. It concludes that international standards should not be mechanically transplanted but substantively adapted and gradually implemented within the national legal framework.

This article examines road traffic accidents that have occurred in our country over the past five years. It also presents the results of sociological surveys conducted to prevent such incidents. Based on an analysis of the survey findings, practical proposals and recommendations have been developed to prevent human-related road traffic accidents through the effective organization of interagency cooperation, as well as to address existing gaps in national legislation in this area.

This article analyzes the issues of forming the spiritual and moral character of military personnel in the context of today's complex geopolitical processes and spiritual threats. The author examines modern requirements for young military personnel and highlights the scientific and practical foundations for strengthening their ideological immunity and educating them in the spirit of patriotism.

This article examines the methodology of developing and verifying forensic versions in the investigation of crimes in the medical field. The study highlights the specific features of medical crimes, the importance of forensic medical examinations, and the use of specialized knowledge. A step-by-step algorithm for verifying investigative versions is proposed, along with practical recommendations aimed at improving investigative effectiveness.

This article analyzes the institutional role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in ensuring nuclear safety, as well as its significance in strengthening nuclear security in Central Asia. The study examines the IAEA safeguards system, control mechanisms over nuclear materials, and international cooperation processes aimed at preventing nuclear proliferation. In addition, the role of the Agency in reducing nuclear risks and enhancing regional security in Central Asia is assessed.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of sustainable upbringing from a socio-philosophical perspective in the context of the rapid development of digital civilization. The primary objective of the study is to reveal the essence and content of sustainable upbringing and to substantiate its role in ensuring spiritual security, fostering cultural immunity, establishing the principles of digital ethics, developing critical thinking, and strengthening the social responsibility of young people. The research employs socio-philosophical analysis, the axiological approach, comparative-comparative analysis, and systems analysis methods. The findings demonstrate that, under conditions of digital transformation, sustainable upbringing serves as an important strategic mechanism for strengthening the spiritual and moral stability of individuals, promoting the development of public consciousness, and harmonizing national and universal values. As a result of the study, a structural model of the concept of sustainable upbringing was developed, and its close relationship with the spiritual and educational objectives outlined in the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan was scientifically substantiated.

This article analyzes the specific features of public opinion formation in countries undergoing socio-political transformation processes. During periods of transformation, old institutions and values lose their influence, while new ones have not yet been fully established. It is precisely this transitional stage that gives public opinion such characteristics as instability, polarization, and distrust. The study is based on sociological surveys, focus groups, and expert interviews conducted between 2022 and 2025 in six regions of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city, Tashkent, Samarkand, Fergana, Kashkadarya, and Karakalpakstan). The number of respondents amounted to 1,850 people, with quota sampling based on region, age, and gender. The article identifies five key characteristics typical of the transformational period: polarization of opinions, decline in institutional trust, weakening of the ability to critically evaluate information, increasing inclination toward forms of mass participation, and instability in the dynamics of political expectations. The findings of the study are of practical significance for institutions managing political processes and specialists in public relations.

The article analyzes the evolution of approaches to religious issues under the conditions of the “Perestroika” reforms implemented by the Soviet government in the second half of the 1980s. The author focuses on the conflict between local Islamic traditions in Central Asia and radical ideas introduced from outside the region. The study reveals the genesis of the “Mujaddidiya” and “Ahl al-Sunna” movements formed in the Fergana Valley, as well as new groups that emerged under the influence of Salafism.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the experiences of developed and developing countries in the field of social protection of the population, examining the system as a complex social institution. The study analyzes Germany’s Bismarck model (conservative-corporatist), Sweden’s Nordic (social-democratic) model, South Korea’s “productivist welfare” model, and China’s targeted poverty reduction experience. Based on G. Esping-Andersen’s welfare regime typology, D. North’s institutional theory, and A. Sen’s capability approach, the significance of these models for improving Uzbekistan’s social protection system is revealed.

The article is devoted to the study of the emergence and development of theatrical art in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries within the context of the Jadid movement and intercultural interaction among the peoples of the region. Special attention is paid to the role of Tatar theatrical troupes, which acted as transmitters of European theatrical traditions and contributed to the formation of professional stage art in the region.

The author examine the impact of theatre on the development of education and charity: revenues from performances were directed toward the establishment of schools, as well as support for students and socially vulnerable groups. It is shown that the theatrical movement became an important element of modernization processes associated with the ideas of Jadidism. The study concludes that Tatar theatre played a key role in shaping the cultural environment of Turkestan, stimulated the development of national theatrical troupes, and facilitated the integration of European artistic forms into the traditional society of the region.

This article analyzes the concept and essence of mental (psychological) stability within the framework of modern psychological theories and establishes its direct connection with the field of social work. Psychological stability is defined as a person’s ability to maintain mental balance, resist negative influences, adapt effectively, and recover quickly in conditions of stress, trauma, and psycho-social difficulties. Its main components include emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, social support, and personal resources such as optimism and self-regulation.

This article analyzes the transformation of commercial relations between the Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva Khanate under Russian imperial influence from 1868 to 1895. The study focuses on the transition from the traditional caravan-market model of inter-khanate trade to a system increasingly regulated by Russian imperial customs policy. The article argues that Russian influence did not merely change the political status of Bukhara and Khiva; it gradually transformed the legal, fiscal and institutional mechanisms of regional trade. Special attention is paid to the consequences of the 1868 and 1873 treaties, the protectorate status of Bukhara and Khiva, the persistence of local customs practices, the problem of contraband, and the incorporation of both political entities into the Russian customs frontier in 1894–1895.

The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of combating human trafficking and the mechanisms of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and state organizations. It highlights the transition of state policy towards a “victim-centered approach” and identifies existing procedural, bureaucratic, and organizational challenges in inter-agency integration. Based on international standards, specific innovative and regional models are proposed to improve the effectiveness of the national referral mechanism.

In this article analyzes the spiritual threats affecting the consciousness of youth in the context of globalization and the role of national values in preventing them. The study highlights the philosophical essence of the concept of “spiritual immunity,” the role of the family, mahalla, and the educational system in the socialization of youth.

This scientific article examines the formation, development stages, and current state of political and diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It highlights strategic partnership, mutually beneficial cooperation, and the role of both countries in regional security and integration processes in Central Asia. The study analyzes the main directions of bilateral relations, including political, economic, transport-logistics, and cultural-humanitarian cooperation. Furthermore, the prospects for the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries are discussed.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the interpretation of morally significant Qur’anic verses in the work “Nukatu al-I‘rab” by Mahmud al-Zamakhshari. The study demonstrates that, through his exegesis of the verses, the author elucidates fundamental human virtues such as honesty, respect for others’ rights, truthfulness, politeness and kindness in social interaction, filial piety, and devotion to one’s homeland.

This article analyzes the paleoecological, paleoanthropological, migration-related, and economic processes that took place in Central Asia during antiquity and the Early Middle Ages as an interconnected historical system. The study examines issues such as climatic fluctuations, aridization, the development of river valleys and foothill zones, pasture resources, mining raw materials, the interaction and mixing of anthropological groups, and the formation of sedentary and nomadic economic systems. On the basis of archaeological, paleogeographical, paleoanthropological, and historical sources, it is shown that human communities in Central Asia did not merely adapt passively to the natural environment, but actively transformed it through economic activity, migration, cultural exchange, and social organization. The article evaluates migrations from the Paleolithic period to the Early Middle Ages not simply as population movements, but as a complex historical phenomenon that contributed to the formation of new economic-cultural types, anthropological interaction, urban development, statehood, and ethnocultural integration.

This article examines the legal and ethical challenges of ensuring human rights in the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies. Particular attention is paid to issues such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, accountability, and the impact on labor rights. The study highlights both the opportunities and potential risks that artificial intelligence poses to human rights. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to improve legal frameworks and ethical principles for regulating artificial intelligence.

This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between crimes stipulated in Articles 182 and 184 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan concerning violations of customs legislation and evasion of taxes or fees. It is substantiated that these acts occupy an important place among crimes against the foundations of the economy. The paper highlights law-enforcement problems caused by the absence of a direct legal definition of “customs duty” in current legislation. The consistency of the Tax Code, Customs Code and Criminal Code norms is scientifically evaluated.

This article analyzes the concept and essence of mental (psychological) stability within the framework of modern psychological theories and establishes its direct connection with the field of social work. Psychological stability is defined as a person’s ability to maintain mental balance, resist negative influences, adapt effectively, and recover quickly in conditions of stress, trauma, and psycho-social difficulties. Its main components include emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, social support, and personal resources such as optimism and self-regulation.

The article analyzes the objective laws of cultural progress and the socio-philosophical problems that arise during their implementation in modern society. Based on evolutionary, civilizational, and structural-functional approaches, the core laws of cultural development-such as continuity, innovation, integration, and differentiation-are synthesized. Within the context of the 2026 reality, marked by the rapid advancement of digital technologies and artificial intelligence, William Ogburn’s concept of “cultural lag”, Émile Durkheim’s theory of “anomie”, and the preservation of national identity under global pressure are thoroughly investigated. The paper concludes with scientific and practical recommendations on balancing economic and cultural reforms during social modernization and optimizing state cultural policy.

This article systematically examines the dialogic nature of cognition and understanding in Ibn Sina's (980–1037) logical-philosophical heritage. Based on his works Kitab al-Shifa, Kitab al-Najat, Danishnama, and Mantiq, the study investigates his question-answer methodology, syllogistic discourse structure, and intersubjective mechanisms in concept formation. The article demonstrates that Ibn Sina creatively developed Aristotelian logic, shifting the cognitive process from individual thinking to dialogic communication. The research identifies the systematic significance of dialogic principles in Ibn Sina's epistemological system and reveals its connections to contemporary epistemology and dialogic logic theories.

The article examines the mechanisms of regional security formation in Central Asia under conditions of transformation of the international system and increasing geo-economic interdependence. The study analyzes structural, military-political and geo-economic security mechanisms, as well as the influence of external actors, such as Russia, China, the United States and the European Union, on the formation of the regional order. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the concept of security, the growing role of infrastructure and economic factors, and the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the regional security architecture.

The article examines the philosophical and medical concept of health in Ibn Sina’s heritage as an integral system uniting the physical, spiritual, and moral aspects of human existence. It is shown that, in his teaching, health is understood as a dynamic balance maintained through lifestyle, nutrition, movement, sleep, mental state, and the influence of the external environment. Special attention is paid to the doctrine of the six vital factors, which largely correlates with the principles of modern preventive medicine. It is concluded that Ibn Sina’s ideas remain relevant as a philosophical foundation for the culture of health, moderation, and personal responsibility for one’s own condition.

The article examines the philosophical and intellectual potential of Maturidism as one of the most significant rationalist traditions of Sunni Islam formed in Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between reason and revelation, the humanistic dimensions of Islamic thought, and the role of the Hanafi-Maturidi tradition in shaping a moderate religious culture in the region. Drawing upon the teachings of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi and Taufiq Ibrahim’s concept of “Qur’anic Humanism,” the study analyzes the importance of knowledge, rational inquiry, and enlightenment within Islamic civilization. The article also explores the historical connection between Maturidism, the educational traditions of Central Asia, Jadid reformism, and processes of modernization. The author argues that rationalist and humanistic values historically contributed to the development of science, education, and cultural progress. In contemporary conditions, the legacy of Maturidism is considered an important intellectual and educational foundation for countering religious extremism and promoting a culture of moderation and critical thinking.

This article analyzes the institutional and organizational framework of state policy in the field of religious education in Uzbekistan. It will cover the regulatory framework governing the religious education system, the activities of authorized state bodies, and the role of educational institutions. Issues of ensuring religious tolerance and developing educational approaches to countering extremism and radicalism will also be considered. The importance of modernizing religious education, implementing international experience, and maintaining the harmony of national values is substantiated. The importance of religious and educational factors in ensuring stability in the field and educating young people is revealed. Attention is paid to the analysis of the concept of education in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the concept of religious and secular education, the right and foundations of education, the possibilities of religious education, the institutional and organizational-legal foundations of religious and secular education.

The article analyzes the formation, development stages, and significance of digital museums and virtual excursions in modern society. The study highlights the digitalization of museum activities, the use of 3D technologies, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and multimedia tools. Furthermore, the role of virtual excursions in promoting historical and cultural heritage, developing distance education opportunities, and increasing tourist flow is scientifically substantiated. The article also presents conclusions and recommendations regarding the influence of digital museums on the spiritual education of young people, international experiences, and the prospects for the development of virtual museum technologies in Uzbekistan.

The article classifies Namangan’s intangible cultural heritage according to UNESCO domains as well as functional, structural, semantic–symbolic, socio–cultural, territorial, and historical criteria. As a result, Chust skullcap–making, Chust knife–making, Navruz, sumalak preparation, wedding and circumcision rituals, oral traditions, katta ashula, lapar, crafts, and master–apprentice traditions are examined as important forms of the region’s intangible cultural heritage.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical and archaeological context of a newly discovered tombstone in Shahrisabz associated with Shaykh al-Islam Khoja Abdurahman al-Ansari. The study integrates archaeological field data, epigraphic analysis, and classical historical sources. Special attention is given to the transformation of Kesh from a rural settlement during the Samanid period into a major urban and intellectual center by the Timurid era. The findings contribute to reconstructing the historical topography of Shahrisabz and identifying key figures in the religious elite of Central Asia.

This article presents a comprehensive scholarly analysis of the formation and evolution of the concept of the “perfect human” in Japan’s historical and philosophical heritage. The study examines ideas of natural harmony developed within Shintoism (神道 – shinto), approaches to spiritual perfection in Buddhism (仏教 – bukkyō), as well as the ethical norms of Confucianism (儒教 – jukyō) and interpretations of the human ideal within the ethical system of Bushidō (武士道), applying a comparative-philosophical method. The research also analyzes the processes of modernization following the Meiji Restoration (明治) period, as well as the ideas of individualism and enlightenment reflected in the works of Fukuzawa Yukichi. The findings demonstrate that the concept of the “perfect human” in Japan emerged as a synthesis of religious, ethical, and social values, and in the modern era it is manifested in the integration of personal freedom, social responsibility, and intellectual maturity.

This study contributes to a systematic understanding of the evolutionary development of ideas about human perfection in Japanese philosophical thought and deepens the comprehension of intercultural interpretations of the “perfect human” concept.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of labor relations of academic staff in higher education institutions. The aim of the study is to identify the normative-legal framework governing pedagogical labor relations, to reveal existing shortcomings within the current system, and to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for their elimination. The study employs legal, comparative, and systematic analysis methods; the empirical basis includes Uzbekistan's labor legislation, regulatory documents governing higher education, and contract systems of several foreign countries. As a result, practical recommendations were developed concerning the standardization of labor relations, the introduction of a KPI-based evaluation system, the advancement of differential incentive mechanisms, and the strengthening of the legal protection of academic staff.

This article develops a socio-philosophical framework for analyzing the transformation of national education systems in the context of digital civilization. While digitalization expands access to knowledge and enhances efficiency, it simultaneously risks reducing education to technocratic utilitarianism. The study integrates theoretical analysis with sociological observations to examine the tension between human capital development, cultural identity, and global integration. It argues for a humanistic paradigm that prioritizes critical thinking, ethical responsibility, and the ontological centrality of the individual. The findings contribute to contemporary debates on the philosophy of education and propose a balanced model for sustainable educational transformation.

This article provides a sociological analysis of contemporary social protection models – universal (Scandinavian), Bismarckian (continental), liberal (Anglo–Saxon), and mixed (Southern European and post–socialist). The study examines the formation history of each model, their main characteristics, advantages and limitations, as well as their role in ensuring social stability. In addition, recommendations are provided for the further development and enhancement of the social protection system in the New Uzbekistan.

This article examines the socio-philosophical essence and stage-by-stage structure of the resocialization process for individuals sentenced to imprisonment. Issues of personal identity, cultural belonging, and social adaptation of convicted persons are considered from the perspective of social philosophy. The status of a convicted person as a marginal individual situated at the crossroads of two cultures – thegenerally recognized culture of society and the culture of the criminal community – isanalyzed. Based on M. Bennett's intercultural communication model, six consecutive stages of resocialization are examined: denial, defense, minimization, acceptance, adaptation, and integration. Professional deformation of penitentiary staff, communicative barriers, group thinking, and ethnocentrism are considered as key factors impeding resocialization. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of resocialization depends not so much on improving legislation as on the practical implementation of each of its stages. From the perspective of social philosophy, the necessity of treating a convicted person not as an object of influence but as a subject capable of self-development is substantiated.

This article examines the history of meetings held with representatives of business circles from foreign countries who visited the Kashkadarya region with the aim of forming and developing mutual economic relations. The impact of these meetings on the socio-economic development of the region is analyzed, and it is substantiated with scientific evidence that they have served as an important factor in the development of agriculture and industrial sectors in the region.

This article analyzes the place and significance of Imam Abu al-Barakat an-Nasafi’s work, “Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqa’iq al-Ta’wil,” in Quranic exegesis. The work is distinguished by its conciseness, profound meanings, and adherence to the Maturidi creed. It thoroughly elucidates the linguistic, jurisprudential, and theological aspects of the verses, making a significant contribution to the development of tafsir science. The study highlights “Madarik al-Tanzil”’s standing among classical tafsirs, its methodological characteristics, and its importance for subsequent generations of scholars.

This article analyzes information pertaining to the specific issues of systematizing the general theoretical problems of Sufism in the views of Sa'diddin Hamawi, one of the major theoretical representatives of medieval Sufi philosophy who made a worthy contribution to the development of the “Wahdat al-wujud” doctrine. The article also presents analyses dedicated to the mystic's understanding of Sufism and the issues contained within its scope, such as wilayah (sainthood), nubuwwah (prophethood), the imaginal realm (alam al-mithal), and the science of letters (ilm al-huruf), with extensive space given to philosophical interpretations.

This article analyzes the foreign experience in developing forensic methods for combating crimes related to extremism among youth. The study examines the legal nature of extremism, its forms, and issues of criminal liability based on international and national legislation. Particular attention is paid to modern forensic approaches used in the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Sweden, and other countries, including digital monitoring, countering extremism in cyberspace, voice identification technologies, psychological interrogation tactics, and preventive measures. The author also proposes recommendations for improving national legislation and implementing effective mechanisms to counter extremist activities.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical roots, formation stages, and evolutionary development of family rituals among the Lyuli ethnic group. It examines the ancient cultural layers of the Lyuli people, their migration processes, and socio-cultural adaptation in different regions that influenced the transformation of their traditions. Special attention is given to family rituals related to birth, marriage, and funeral practices, as well as their historical changes and modern manifestations. The study is based on ethnographic and historical approaches and highlights the dynamics of preservation and transformation of Lyuli traditional culture.

This article examines the role, legal foundations and practical mechanisms of operational-search measures in creating and ensuring a safe environment in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The distinctive aspects of operational-search activities in maintaining public order, preventing crime, combating extremism and terrorism, ensuring transport safety and protecting the digital environment are analyzed. The article reveals the multidimensional concept of creating a safe environment and puts forward scientifically grounded proposals for developing operational-search activities as a socio-legal system.

This article scientifically analyzes the historical and modern role of the Great Silk Road in the economic development of the Central Asian region, the impact of trade routes on the formation of infrastructure and the domestic market. During the study, the characteristics of the ancient and medieval economy, the efficiency of international transit corridors and issues of regional integration are covered in detail.

This article presents analyses based on the results of surveys conducted among military personnel (employees) of the National Guard and youth in penitentiary institutions. The findings were comprehensively examined, and factors negatively affecting public safety, as well as their underlying causes, were substantiated. The role of family and “street” upbringing in this context is highlighted. Furthermore, practical proposals and recommendations have been developed to address gaps in national legislation in order to enhance youth legal awareness and culture.

This article examines the legal protection mechanisms of the saxaul plant in the Southern Aral Sea region. The study explores the ecological significance of saxaul, its role in preventing desertification, and the existing legal frameworks aimed at its conservation. Special attention is given to state regulatory measures, control mechanisms, and their effectiveness. Based on identified challenges, recommendations are proposed to improve the legal protection system.

This article analyzes the life of Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, his scholarly activity, and his written works. It also highlights the author’s role in Sufi teachings, particularly the ideas of knowledge and enlightenment, moral perfection, and spiritual purification advanced through his work Awarif al-Ma'arif.

This article analyzes the historical images of prominent female rulers-Zenobia of Palmyra, Cleopatra VII of Egypt, Goharshād Begum of the Timurid era, and Joan of Arc of France. It highlights their courage, political sagacity and state leadership abilities, placing them within their respective contexts of crisis and transformation. The text underlines how these women challenged patriarchal norms, exercised real power and became enduring symbols of female agency and national heroism.

This article analyzes the formation of the media-political system in Uzbekistan, its legal foundations, and current development trends. The role of mass media in political communication, reforms aimed at modernizing information policy, and legal mechanisms ensuring media freedom are examined. Comparative-political, institutional, and statistical analysis methods were used in the study. The article also explores digital transformation processes within the media system, transparency of state institutions, and the effectiveness of information services. The study identifies institutional characteristics and priority directions for the future development of Uzbekistan’s media-political system.

This article analyzes the legal, organizational, and practical aspects of training, retraining, and professional development of personnel in the system of prosecution bodies of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article highlights the constitutional and legal foundations of personnel training in prosecution bodies, presidential decrees, orders of the Prosecutor General, as well as the role of the Law Enforcement Academy in this area. In addition, the importance of introducing dual education, distance learning, virtual learning platforms, and practice-oriented problem-based teaching methods is substantiated.

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the concept of religious radicalism, its essence, and the stages of its historical formation . The study uncovers the socio-political and psychological factors that contribute to religious radicalization, emphasizing how the distortion of religious ideas negatively impacts social stability, tolerance, and interethnic harmony . Furthermore, it examines the historical roots of radical views, from early theological disputes to modern manifestations, and highlights religious enlightenment as a key factor in prevention.

This study analyzes Uzbekistan’s foreign policy through the lens of an active, open, pragmatic, and rational approach. It examines the transformation of foreign policy from a declarative framework into a strategic model oriented toward practical outcomes. The study also explores initiatives aimed at developing regional cooperation, advancing the “Central Asia Plus” formats, and elevating cooperation with leading actors such as the United States, the European Union, and China to an institutional level. The essence of foreign policy processes is examined through such concepts as realism, complex interdependence, soft power, two-level diplomacy, and the regional security complex.

This article analyzes the interconnection between national and religious consciousness and their role in societal development from a socio-philosophical perspective. It is highlighted that national consciousness is formed on the basis of the historical memory, culture and traditions of the people, and religious consciousness is manifested through faith, moral values and spiritual norms. Furthermore, the harmony between national and religious consciousness is substantiated as a vital factor ensuring the spiritual stability and social cohesion of society. The article analyzes their interaction based on the law of cultural integration, demonstrating that this process has been shaped throughout historical development. In particular, the practical significance of this process is revealed on the example of the harmonious development of national and religious values in Central Asia.

This article analyzes urbanization processes in Kazakhstan during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and examines the transformation of major cities into megacities. The study focuses on economic, demographic and territorial factors of urbanization, migration trends and regional characteristics of urban development. Using Almaty, Astana and Shymkent as case studies, the paper evaluates both positive and negative consequences of urban growth and transformation.

This article analyzes the changes that took place in Turkey’s political system in the period following the Second World War, particularly the transition from one-party rule to a multi-party system. The study highlights the historical significance of the top-down modernization policy implemented by the Republican People’s Party between 1923 and 1946, while also emphasizing the growing need for political pluralism, economic freedom, and democratic reforms over time. The formation of the Democratic Party is examined in connection with the emergence of new political forces in Turkish society, as well as the representation of the interests of the agrarian and commercial bourgeoisie and the middle class in the political arena. Drawing on the scholarly views of Erik Jan Zürcher, Feroz Ahmad, Metin Heper, and Çağlar Keyder, the article interprets the rise of the Democratic Party as a reconfiguration of relations between the state and society. In addition, the economic difficulties of the late 1940s, inflation, tax pressures, wartime restrictions, and Turkey’s policy of rapprochement with the West are presented as important factors in the transition to a multi-party system.

The article examines information about the Karakalpaks contained in the works of participants of the Amu Darya Expedition of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society in the 19th century. It analyzes ethnographic, historical, and statistical-economic materials reflecting the patterns of settlement, economic activities, daily life, and traditional culture of the Karakalpaks. Special attention is paid to descriptions of the natural environment of the Southern Aral Sea region, forms of subsistence, as well as aspects of social organization and everyday life. The study highlights the importance of expedition materials as early scientific sources on the history and ethnography of the Karakalpaks.

This article examines the problems of recovering damages caused to the environment as a result of violations of ecological expertise requirements during investigation and court proceedings. The legal nature of conditional coefficients established by Government resolutions, their inconsistent application in investigation and judicial practice, and discrepancies in determining the amount of damage are analyzed using specific criminal cases, and proposals for forming a unified practice are put forward.

This article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the transformation of human identity in the context of the digital economy. The main objective of the study is to examine how the expansion of digital technologies, platform economies, and data-driven systems reshapes social and personal identity. Identity is interpreted not as a product of traditional social relations, but as a dynamic construct formed within digital environments. Particular attention is paid to the role of algorithmic governance, artificial intelligence, and big data in transforming human behavior, decision-making processes, and self-perception. The findings indicate that under the conditions of the digital economy, human identity becomes fragmented and acquires a hybrid form, combining both real and virtual dimensions. The study substantiates the need for an integrative theoretical framework to understand the relationship between digital economy and human identity transformation.

The following article indicates that the research on the national system of innovative development and personnel training has not been specifically studied as a separate socio-philosophical problem. Since the analysis of scientific works on the dialectics of the national system of innovative development and personnel training, the role of innovations in the integration of "Science-Education-Production" as a separate subject is not sufficiently substantiated, this dissertation work attempts to substantiate the importance of the national system of innovative development and personnel training in ensuring social progress.

This article analyzes the role of folklore performance in the Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions as a mechanism of social heritage on the example of the 20th century. The mechanisms of transmitting values, norms, knowledge, and experience between generations through folklore are studied. Work songs, bakhshi art, dance traditions, and musical instruments are examined as different channels of social heritage. The impact of social changes in the 20th century (Sovietization, independence, globalization) on this mechanism is analyzed. Issues of the weakening of the traditional social heritage mechanism and the formation of new mechanisms are also covered.

This article analyzes the formation and development of traditional singing art in ancient Central Asia within the context of socio-political and cultural transformations. Particular attention is given to the evolution of musical culture from the Kushan period to the era of the Turkic Khaganate, and the role of urbanization and oral folk traditions. The contribution of prominent Eastern scholars such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, and Safiuddin Urmavi to the development of music theory is examined. Based on archaeological findings, historical sources, and scholarly research, this study highlights the characteristics of musical traditions, instruments, and performance practices. Special emphasis is also placed on the творчество of Borbad Marvazi and his significance in the history of Eastern Music.

This article analyzes the entry of women into public life in Uzbekistan at the beginning of the 20th century, in the context of Soviet modernization and the "Attack" movement. The examples of the work of Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva, Tursunoy Saidazimova, and Tojikhon Shodiyeva highlight the courage of women in removing the veil, performing on the theater stage, and in public work. The complex and tragic nature of this process is revealed through traditional patriarchal resistance, honor killings, and Soviet repression. The study shows that these women became important symbols of gender equality and cultural reforms in Uzbek society, but were victimized by coercive Soviet policies.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethnographic characteristics of women’s labor in Uzbek society, and manifestation within the healthcare system. The study highlights women’s participation mainly in traditional social roles, such as household duties, child-rearing, and local handicraft activities. In addition, the article examines the process by which women’s labor gradually entered collective and professional spheres-particularly the healthcare system-as a result by socio-economic development and the increasing complexity of production relations. The findings demonstrate that the historical and cultural roots of women’s labor play an important role in their modern professional activities and they substantiate the need to ensure gender equality within the healthcare system.

The article examines the foreign historiography of Eastern bazaars as a complex socio-economic and cultural phenomenon. It analyzes major scholarly approaches to the bazaar as an institution of urban life that ensures economic, social, and cultural integration of society. Particular attention is paid to ethnographic and historical interpretations that reveal the role of the bazaar in traditional Eastern cities. The study identifies key directions in foreign research as well as specific interpretations of the bazaar as a space of intercultural interaction.

This article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of ideological threats spread through social media, their nature, and modern forms of manifestation. Particular attention is given to fake news, hidden propaganda, and manipulation mechanisms influencing public consciousness. The study also highlights key directions for ensuring ideological security in the digital environment.

The use of modern technology also played a key role in the development of the Hungry Steppe and the creation of infrastructure. Construction of drainage systems and land leveling of the channel network required the use of heavy construction equipment—excavators, bulldozers, and cranes. These machines made it possible to erect the necessary structures in a relatively short time, transforming the steppe into an element of the national economy. Without the mobility provided by vehicles and the rapid construction capabilities facilitated by machinery, the development of the Hungry Steppe would have taken much longer and required a significantly larger labor force.

Importantly, research and monitoring equipment also contributed. Geological scanners, drilling rigs, and other specialized equipment were used to study soil composition, identify groundwater sources, and assess the suitability of land for agriculture. Scientific modeling and analysis of the data obtained using this technology allowed for informed decisions on the placement of canals, fields, and settlements.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of developing the spiritual being of an individual in the context of the New Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the influence of historical heritage and national values on the spiritual development of the individual from a socio-philosophical perspective. The study analyzes the interconnection between spiritual development processes and contemporary social transformations, as well as the challenges of preserving national identity under globalization. It highlights the role of historical memory, cultural heritage, and moral values in shaping the individual’s spiritual world. Based on the findings, scientific conclusions and practical recommendations are proposed for fostering a spiritually mature individual in modern conditions.

This article discusses the issues of stabilizing interethnic relations and public policy. In an increasingly multicultural and multiethnic society, interethnic relations have become an important issue for politicians and scholars. Drawing on contemporary research, this paper demonstrates the important role of identity, social interactions, and institutional systems in strengthening social cohesion.

In this small research paper, the author presents his concept of authorship as an example of the editing and criticism of the political philosophy of the Italian Thinker N. Machiavelli in The Ruler. The essence and roots of N. Machiavelli's advice and recommendations to the ruler are explained, some laws that do not correspond to the essence of humanity and peace are denied, and examples of political wisdom that are suitable for them are presented in the form of opinion, analysis, conclusion, and law. It also presents brief conclusions about the nature of the ruler, his policies, the laws on which he relies in governing the state, the virtues of the ruler, the types of rulers, and the state of peace, a new concept in political philosophy. In this concept, morality itself is proved as a criterion determining the essence - as a law of laws.

This article analyzes how the issue of the standardization of religious terminology in the Arabic language is reflected in the works of Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jurjani (1339–1413). The work Taʿrīfāt, created by al-Jurjani, is considered an important example of terminological lexicography and standardization in the Islamic scholarly tradition. The article discusses the methodological foundations of terminological standardization, the characteristics of al-Jurjani’s model, its relationship with preceding and subsequent traditions, as well as its influence on modern Arabic terminology. The research is based on classical and modern Arabic-language sources, as well as relevant scholarly works in Uzbek linguistics.

This article scientifically and theoretically analyzes the role of the concepts of conversation and silence in the process of spiritual and moral education, as well as their pedagogical, psychological, communicative, and axiological characteristics. Conversation is considered an important educational tool that shapes a person’s culture of thinking, transfers social experience from generation to generation, and creates an atmosphere of understanding and trust in interpersonal relationships. Silence, in turn, is interpreted not as a passive state, but as a conscious spiritual and pedagogical phenomenon that develops self-control, reflection, patience, contemplation, emotional balance, and moral responsibility. The article highlights the harmony between conversation and silence, their possibilities in youth education, and their practical significance within educational institutions, families, and mahalla communities. The research employs methods of philosophical-pedagogical analysis, axiological approach, comparative analysis, observation, and generalization. It is substantiated that, within the framework of Uzbekistan’s educational and spiritual upbringing policy, the development of a culture of conversation and silence serves as an important factor in strengthening young people’s communicative competence, critical thinking, moral stability, and social responsibility.

This article covers studying the socio-philosophical factors of using bibliotherapy in increasing the philosophical worldview of young people, the study of the content and conceptual foundations of increasing the philosophical worldview of young people, clarifying the role and possibilities of bibliotherapy in increasing the philosophical worldview of young people. Proposals and recommendations have also been developed on the tasks and prospects for using bibliotherapy to increase the philosophical worldview of young people in New Uzbekistan.

This research article examines the emergence of viticulture in the territory of Ancient Khorezm, its agricultural development, and its socioeconomic and cultural significance. Based on an analysis of archaeological, paleobotanical, and written sources, the early stages of viticulture, its connection with irrigation systems, and its role in trade relations are revealed. The influence of Khorezmian viticulture on the development of Central Asian civilization is also assessed.

This article methodologically analyzes the problem of data representation in empirical research through the issues of sampling, bias, and generalization of results. The study aims to identify the main factors that determine the role and reliability of empirical data in scientific conclusions. The analysis results demonstrate that in empirical research, the robustness of sampling design, reduction of bias, and clear delineation of generalization boundaries ensure the validity of scientific conclusions. The article presents theoretical insights on improving the methodology of empirical research.

This article examines the evolutionary transformation of the concepts of social justice and legal equality, which constitute the fundamental pillars of a democratic rule-of-law state, in the context of digital transformation. The author analyzes, from a philosophical and legal perspective, the “crisis” of traditional legal norms within digital reality and the process of the emergence of new-generation rights. The study considers issues of algorithmic governance, artificial intelligence ethics, and the “digital divide” within the framework of social justice. The novelty of the article lies in substantiating the concept of “digital equality” as a new criterion of the rule-of-law state and in advancing promising trends for the protection of human dignity in the digital space.

In this article, the social characteristics of the mass and specific mutation are revealed based on scientific theoretical conclusions. It has also been shown that the discrepancies between public and elitist Mutola stem from the separation of works of art into public and specific art. In addition, the article also cites the sociological features of mutola culture.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the activities of soldiers from Surkhandarya region during the Second World War on the front lines and in the home front, their contribution to the victory over fascism, and the historical significance of their service. Based on archival documents and historical sources, the study highlights the activities of the 213th Rifle Division, the 92nd Separate National Brigade, and the 1st Guards Airborne Division. It also examines the participation of Surkhandarya soldiers in major military operations, the scale of losses, and labor efforts in the home front. The results of the study show that the courage of the population of Surkhandarya region during the war holds an important place in national history and memory policy.

This article examines the issues of digitalizing appeals from individuals and legal entities at the pre-trial stage of case proceedings in Uzbekistan. It analyzes the advantages of using digital technologies in receiving, registering, and processing appeals, as well as existing practical challenges and the legal framework. Although digitalization increases efficiency, its improper application may lead to legal disputes and negatively affect the rights of citizens.

This article provides a comprehensive study of the life and scholarly legacy of Muhammad Taqi Usmani, a prominent figure in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, hadith studies, and Islamic economics. The article reveals the scholar's conceptual approaches to the systematization of Islamic knowledge, the application of Sharia rulings to modern socio-economic issues, and the development of Islamic finance institutions. Furthermore, it scientifically analyzes the significance and role of his works on fiqh, hadith, tafsir, and contemporary fatwas in the lives of Muslims worldwide.

This article examines the development stages of the sericulture sector in Uzbekistan during the 1950s–1980s, as well as its support within the framework of state policy and organizational improvements. It highlights the management system of the sector, territorial specialization, and the formation of production infrastructure. The activities of the Central Asian Research Institute of Sericulture and the processes of creating and introducing new silkworm breeds are analyzed. Special attention is paid to scientific and practical achievements and their impact on the economic efficiency of the отрасль.

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the methodological role and functional tasks of the Sunnah within the system of Islamic sciences. Based on various definitions of the Sunnah presented by muhaddith scholars, usul al-fiqh scholars, jurists, and theologians of aqidah, the study reveals its multilayered conceptual essence. The article also clarifies the methodological distinction between hadith and Sunnah, while scientifically demonstrating the integrative function of the Sunnah in the sciences of tafsir, fiqh, aqidah, and ethics (tasawwuf). The research findings confirm that the Sunnah is not merely a secondary source, but rather a methodological foundation and normative guide that unifies the entire system of Islamic sciences. The article contributes to the reinterpretation of the Sunnah through modern scholarly approaches and provides a deeper understanding of its place within Islamic epistemology.

Armenian artists, like other nations, played a very important role in the development of Uzbek theater. This article briefly examines the activities of Armenian theater and Armenian artists in Uzbekistan in the 1920s-1960s, and provides information about the activities and development of Uzbek theater art.

The article examines the historical features of diplomatic, trade, and political relations between the Turkestan region and China, determined by its geopolitical position. Special attention is given to the transformation of these contacts in the 19th century following the incorporation of the region into the Russian Empire, as well as to the role of Yakub Beg and the impact of external factors, including the “Great Game”. The study analyzes forms of diplomatic interaction, border regulation issues, and the role of intermediaries in fostering interstate relations.

This article analyzes the relationship between spiritual growth and an enlightened society from a socio-philosophical point of view. The study reveals the essence of the concepts of spirituality and enlightenment, their role in the development of society, and their mutual influence. The author substantiates that spiritual growth is a factor in the internal development of society, and an enlightened society is a practical expression of this process. The article also highlights the importance of the harmony of these two concepts in social stability, the formation of civic consciousness, and innovative development. The results of the study show that ensuring the harmony of spirituality and enlightenment is an important condition for the development of society.

This article comprehensively analyzes the theoretical and legal essence of incorporation as one of the important forms of systematization of legislation, its role in ensuring the stability of the legal system, and its practical significance. During the research, the official and unofficial forms of incorporation, chronological and systematic types, as well as their role in increasing the efficiency of the use of legal information are elucidated. In the context of the processes of systematization and digitalization of legislation in the Republic of Uzbekistan, modern mechanisms of incorporation, particularly the concept of “dynamic digital incorporation,” are scientifically substantiated. Furthermore, the diagnostic function of incorporation in regularly updating normative legal acts on a unified electronic platform, identifying legal conflicts, and eliminating gaps in legislation is revealed. As a result of the study, scientific and practical proposals and recommendations aimed at improving the national legislative system, ensuring legal certainty and transparency, and expanding access to legal information have been developed.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of the younger generation in the Republic of Uzbekistan in contemporary socio-political processes. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying structural and institutional factors that determine the level of youth political participation, as well as on the typology of forms of their engagement in the public and political spheres. In addition, the study examines key parameters of political socialization, including the level of political awareness, legal culture, and civic competence among young citizens. Significant attention is given to the role of state youth policy as an instrument of institutional influence, as well as to the impact of educational institutions and civil society organizations on the formation of civic agency and political engagement. The article substantiates the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the development of youth political consciousness, taking into account both formal mechanisms of political participation and informal channels of socialization, such as family, the media environment, digital communications, and youth communities.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the socio-historical processes related to the ethnic composition and religious views of the population of the Syrdarya region based on the principle of “past, present, and future.” The study examines the historical roots of the ethno-confessional environment formed in the region, its current state, and future development trends on a scientific basis. In addition, the impact of factors such as migration, urbanization, globalization, and the expansion of the information space on public consciousness is revealed. The article also analyzes the factors aimed at strengthening interethnic harmony and religious tolerance and substantiates the priority directions for ensuring social stability in the region.

The article examines the educational system of madrasahs in Central Asia using the examples of Bukhara and Samarkand as one of the most important institutions of Islamic civilization. It analyzes the structure of education, academic disciplines, the role of manuscript culture, and the traditions of knowledge transmission in madrasahs. Special attention is given to textbooks, teaching methods, the influence of the Maturidi school, and the importance of spiritual and moral education in the learning process. The article also explores the views of Shigabutdin Marjani on the crisis of traditional madrasah education and the need for its reform in the nineteenth century. It is shown that the madrasahs of Central Asia played a significant role in shaping the intellectual and cultural environment of the Muslim East.