This article examines the economic development of Uzbekistan during the 1920s and 1930s. It analyzes the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP), industrialization, and agricultural collectivization, as well as their impact on the country’s economy. The study is based on historical documents, archival materials, and scholarly literature. Particular attention is paid to cotton monoculture, industrial growth, and the socio-economic consequences of Soviet economic policy. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the formation of Uzbekistan’s economy during the Soviet era.

Uzbekistan, economy, NEP, industrialization, collectivization, cotton production, Soviet policy, agriculture, industry, Five-Year Plan.

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