This article analyzes the theoretical views of Soviet ideology on the individual, society, and the state from the perspective of contemporary philosophical approaches. Throughout the twentieth century, the Marxist-Leninist ideology that prevailed in the former Soviet Union shaped not only the political system but also the spiritual life of society, social consciousness, education, culture, and concepts of individual development. This ideology promoted the subordination of individual interests to the interests of society, emphasized the absolute supremacy of the state, and advanced the idea of building a communist society. The article examines the philosophical foundations of Soviet ideology, highlighting its reliance on the principles of dialectical and historical materialism, as well as its interpretation of human freedom, rights, and values. Furthermore, it presents a comparative analysis of Soviet ideological principles alongside the concepts of modern democracy, civil society, and human rights, identifying both the strengths and limitations of the Soviet ideological framework. The findings indicate that, in the context of globalization, it is essential to critically and objectively evaluate historical ideological experiences, draw appropriate lessons from them, and further develop philosophical approaches that recognize human dignity as the highest social value.

Soviet ideology, Marxism, Leninism, individual, society, state, dialectical materialism, historical materialism, civil society, democracy, philosophy.

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