This article examines the emergence of the Jadid movement, which developed in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its main goals and ideas, as well as the legal and democratic views of the Jadids. The article analyzes the Jadids’ views on enlightenment, education, freedom of speech and thought, human dignity, equality, justice, and the rule of law. It also examines the views of such representatives of the Jadid movement as Mahmudkhoja Behbudi, Abdulla Avloni, Abdurauf Fitrat, and Munavvarkori Abdurashidkhanov on society and state governance. Particular attention is paid to the historical significance of the Jadid movement in the development of educational, socio-political, and legal thought in Turkestan and to the substantive connections between certain Jadid ideas and contemporary legal and democratic values.

The article analyses the state policy on building an inclusive society in Uzbekistan in its legal and social dimensions. Inclusiveness is interpreted not as charity but as a principle of securing equal opportunities. The 2023 Constitution, legislation on the rights of persons with disabilities, gender equality and education are compared with the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Practice in inclusive education, employment and physical accessibility is summarised. Four systemic problems are identified — fragmented statistics, non-compliance with accessibility standards, staff training, and unchanged social attitudes — and corresponding measures are proposed.

This article analyzes the implementation of employment policy in Bukhara Region in 2005–2007 based on documents from Fund No. 1459 of the Bukhara Regional State Archives. The study examines the dynamics of new job creation, the development of the home-based work (home labor) system, the employment process for graduates of vocational education institutions, regional disparities, and measures aimed at providing employment opportunities for socially vulnerable groups. The analysis shows that, during the period under review, employment programs generally exceeded their planned targets; however, significant disparities between regions and economic sectors remained.

This article analyzes the strategies of political parties in engaging the youth electorate and their ideological transformation amid democratic reforms and the transition to a mixed (proportional-majoritary) electoral system in New Uzbekistan. The relevance of the study is determined by the high share of youth in the country’s demographic structure and the shift of traditional campaigning methods into the virtual environment. The systemic impact of digital branding and visual communication tools in the digital space — specifically targeted infographics, short-form videos (Reels, Shorts), and social media platforms (Telegram, Instagram, YouTube) — on the political culture and electoral activity of young people is examined from both theoretical-scientific and empirical perspectives. In the course of the research, a comparative and sociological content analysis of the digital platform assets of active political parties in Uzbekistan was conducted, uncovering the characteristics of subconscious and emotional (neuropolitical) perception among the younger generation. The article explores the ethical and legal criteria for utilizing information and communication technologies in an environment of inter-party competition. Furthermore, it develops practical recommendations for protecting voters from manipulative influences, fostering a culture of healthy political marketing in cyberspace, and enhancing the electoral attractiveness of party brands.

Drawing on issues of the journal "Qishloq xo'jaligi Uzbekistana" ("Agriculture of Uzbekistan") published in 1957-1958, on specialised literature devoted to cotton breeding, and on the materials of a monograph concerned with the industrial history of Uzbekistan, the article examines the agrotechnical, irrigational, breeding-related and organisational transformations that occurred in the cotton sector of the Fergana, Andijan and Namangan regions. The quantitative data contained in these sources are systematised in chronological sequence.

This article analyzes the role and significance of prosecutorial checks in ensuring the rule of law, as well as preventing and eliminating violations in the banking and credit sector. The author highlights the primary forms of legal violations occurring in this sphere and emphasizes that the absence of a unified, specialized methodology for organizing and conducting prosecutorial checks adversely affects operational efficiency.

The article outlines the stages of preparing for checks, alongside the collection and analysis of requisite information from the Central Bank, the Ministry of Economy and Finance, commercial banks, and other competent authorities. Furthermore, it explicitly defines the main subjects of checks conducted within the Central Bank and commercial banks, addressing issues related to prudential supervision, non-performing loans, and collateral assets. Finally, the study substantiates the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of check materials and prosecutorial response acts to preserve the stability of the banking system.

This article analyzes the scholarly ranks of jurists (fuqaha) within the Hanafi school of Islamic law and their role in the development of Islamic jurisprudence. The study examines the classifications of Hanafi scholars, particularly the system of juristic ranks proposed by Ibn Kamal Pasha. In addition, the classifications suggested by Shah Waliullah Dehlawi and Muhammad Abu Zahra are comparatively analyzed. The research concludes that the classification of jurists should be based on their level of ijtihad, their ability to derive legal rulings, and their competence in evaluating different legal narrations. This study is significant for understanding the intellectual development of the Hanafi school of law.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the development characteristics of preschool education systems in Uzbekistan, Japan, and Finland. The study focuses particularly on the conditions of education and upbringing in preschool education institutions, the age-related and individual characteristics of children, the content of the pedagogical process, teacher-child relationships, the importance of play-based activities, and cooperation with parents. In Uzbekistan, large-scale reforms are being implemented to modernize the preschool education system, increase the coverage of children with preschool education, and create a modern educational environment. In Japan, particular emphasis is placed on developing children’s independence, collectivism, discipline, self-care skills, and social responsibility. In Finland’s preschool education system, the key principles include respect for children’s rights, ensuring their well-being, individual development, learning through play, and supporting children’s personal interests. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential for applying the best practices of these countries to further improve the preschool education system in Uzbekistan.

This article examines the establishment, organizational structure, principal areas of activity, and the role of the Nachrichtenstelle fur den Orient (News Bureau for the East), founded under the German Foreign Office during the First World War, within the framework of Germany's Eastern policy. It analyzes the Bureau's propaganda activities based on Pan-Islamic ideas and its efforts to influence the Ottoman Empire, the Muslims of the Russian Empire, Turkestan, and the Emirate of Bukhara. Particular attention is paid to the methods of information warfare employed by the Bureau, as well as the mechanisms of political influence implemented through multilingual publications, newspapers, journals, and other propaganda materials. The study also evaluates the Bureau's contribution to Germany's strategic objectives in the East and its role in shaping political and ideological influence during the First World War.

The article investigates the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-based feedback systems in developing students’ writing competence using a quasi-experimental design. Participants were English-major students at Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute: the experimental group (n=32) used ChatGPT- and Grammarly-based feedback, while the control group (n=30) received traditional teacher feedback. Students receiving AI-based feedback showed significant gains in grammatical accuracy (p<0.01), lexical diversity (p<0.05) and text organization (p<0.05); no difference was found in argumentation quality. An integrated model combining AI and teacher feedback is substantiated.

This article analyzes the socio-economic and political transformation of the Banu Sakhr tribe in the territory of Transjordan. The study examines the tribe’s historical position during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods, its traditional economic system based on camel herding in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the changes that occurred during the British Mandate period. It analyzes the weakening of the traditional camel-based economy as a result of increased state control, restrictions on mobility, drought, and changes in pastoralism, as well as the development of sheep herding and other forms of labor and the tribe’s integration into the state system.

This article examines the institution of delicts in Roman private law, focusing on its concept, historical evolution, and main types through the method of historical-legal analysis. The transition from private to public liability for delicts, the composition of the principal delicts (furtum, iniuria, damnum iniuria datum), and the institution of quasi-delicts are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the shift from objective (strict) to subjective (fault-based) liability. The article also addresses the influence of the delict institution on the modern theory of civil liability, including fault-based responsibility and full compensation for harm.