One of the main factors in choosing a particular make and model of a car is fuel consumption. However, car manufacturers provide indicators in the passport that are not accurate in actual use. This is partly due to the use of driving cycles during factory testing that do not reflect the actual speed limit under relevant (typical) conditions. This is especially true for urban conditions. It is known that even in the conditions of the same country, the condition of roads in cities comparable in terms of territory and population density, length of the road network, average speed of movement and the difference in its duration are significantly different stages (acceleration, steady speed movement, braking and stopping in megacities and small cities). In such conditions, for example, in urban conditions, it is a difficult task to find a typical driving cycle that most adequately reflects the dominant speed profiles of vehicles.

drive cycle, NEDC, WLTC, UDDS, hybrid drive, electric drive, internal combustion engine, fuel consumption, recuperation, friction braking, acceleration, speed.

Chen Q., Shu H., Chen L. Simulation analysis of cogging torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 12, 2012, p. 4065-40718.

Gao, Yimin and Mehrdad Ehsani. “Design and control methodology of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.” 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (2010): 1-6.

M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S.E Gays and A. Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicle--Fundamentals, Theory and Design”, CRC press, 2005.

Tiano, Francesco Antonio et al. “Design and Optimization of a Charging Station for Electric Vehicles based on Compressed Air Energy Storage.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 51 (2018): 230-235.

Eckert, J.J.; Santiciolli, F.M.; Silva, L.C.d.A.e.; Corrêa, F.C.; Dedini, F.G. Design of an Aftermarket Hybridization Kit: Reducing Costs and Emissions Considering a Local Driving Cycle. Vehicles 2020, 2, 210-235. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2010012

Rizzo, G.; Naddeo, M.; Pisanti, C. Upgrading conventional cars to solar hybrid vehicles. Int. J. Powertrains 2018, 7, 249–280.