The article presents for the first time translations of legal documents in Arabic and Chinese, as well as their analysis. Gurak wrote letters to China, the ruler of al-Shash, the Ikhshidi of Fergana, and the Turkic khagan, calling on them to help against the Arabs. Brief notes about his request for help from China have survived to our days in the Tang chronicles. The original text of the treaty concluded between Qutayba ibn Muslim and Gurak is quoted in the work of the Arab historian A'sam al-Kufi.

One of the modern problems in the humanitarian sphere is the analysis of contradictory aspects of the dialectic of universal and national culture in an informed society. This article highlights the impact of the flow of information on culture in the context of global information exchange, as well as its distinctive features, factors for the development of culture.

The process of founding the Tashkent Medical Academy is distinguished by its rich history and importance in improving the health of the population. This article examines the initial stages of development of the medical sphere in Uzbekistan and the process of founding the academy.

In this article, a lot of valuable evidence related to the exchange of gifts and letters with ambassadors in the Khanate of Khiva - an important part of the reception ceremony - has been studied and analyzed.

This article analyzes the monastic life and daily activities of the monks in terms of the centuries-old transformation of Christian asceticism. The monks studied the strict prayer and disciplinary practices required for physical and mental maturation, the Psalms reading order, the forms of collective and solitary prayer, the practice of physical labor, the special time and the order of eating. Time–finding methods, prayer-calling signs, and sessions of nuns, mutual assistance, and disciplinary measures have also been analyzed in monasteries throughout the 4th-5th centuries. The article also discusses the role of intellectual asceticism in modern monastic life and the survival of the ancient principles of asceticism.

this article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the political image of the state civil service. Such issues as the creation of the foundations of a just society, the original ideas aimed at managing power and implementing its functions, the concept, content and essence of the state civil service, its role in public administration are studied.

The article discusses Ahmad ibn Mahmud ibn Abu Bakr Nuriddin Sobuniy, a great mutakallim (theologian) and jurist from ancient Bukhara. He was born in the early 6th/12th century and is recognized as one of the prominent figures in the Maturidi school of thought. Sobuniy contributed significantly to the fields of kalam (theology), fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and usul al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence).

The article also highlights that in his works, Sobuniy developed the intellectual ideas of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi and Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi, defending the Hanafi-Maturidi doctrine through his scholarly debates. He participated in intellectual discussions with renowned scholars such as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. Additionally, it is noted that Sobuniy adopted the pen name “Sobuniy” due to his ancestors' involvement in soap-making.

This article is dedicated to studying the legal status of an individual participating in administrative proceedings as an applicant. The article analyzes the rights and obligations of the applicant, their role and position in the court, and the significance of the applicant’s status in administrative cases. Additionally, the article examines the normative legal foundations of the applicant’s legal status and some problematic aspects corresponding to current legislation. Proposals are made for further improvement in protecting the rights and interests of the applicant by strengthening their status in administrative proceedings.

Artificial intelligence (SI) technologies are gaining an important place in the development of modern society by modeling processes inherent in the human mind. This article describes the history, stages of development, and effects of SI on human abilities. The article examines the applications of SI technologies in areas such as natural language processing, machine learning, robotics, and their impact on economic and social processes. At the same time, the risks associated with the capabilities of the SI, including problems such as information security, shrinkage of jobs, are also mentioned. This article highlights the need to delve deeper into the interaction between SI technologies and human capabilities, highlighting new opportunities and challenges in this area.

This article discusses the importance of topographical information in the history of Kashkadarya in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, as well as the location of clans and tribes in the oasis, and issues of their social life.

The article reflects research conducted on the basis of the opinions of various scientists about ethnicity and ethnic identity. In it, the author describes the introduction into science of such concepts as ethnicity and ethnic identity, their essence and content in comparative, scientific analysis.

In this article, in addition to educational work in educational institutions during the years of independence, a strong emphasis was placed on the issue of spiritual education. Specific plans for spiritual and educational affairs were drawn up for each academic year, on the basis of the order of the Ministry of higher and secondary special education “On the organization and conduct of spiritual days”, on the last Tuesday of each month from 2004, events “Spiritual hour”, “Days of spirituality” were held in educational institutions.

This article analyzes and discusses the history of cultural relations between Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China in the second half of the 20th century.

The purpose of this article is to consider the types of "tahammul" (علتمل) related to the science of "Mustalahul hadith". The science of Mustalah al-Hadith studies the rules and methods that examine the state of the text and the hadith in order to accept or reject the hadith. A person who carefully studies these methods and rules will be able to study the text of the hadith, the date, and what type they belong to.

This article examines the features of the concept of inheritance in Islamic law and its significance in legal systems. The foundations of inheritance science, its evidences, and practical implications are thoroughly described.

This abstract is devoted to the topic "The importance of higher and postgraduate education in educating young people in the spirit of a healthy lifestyle and patriotism." Young people are an important part of society, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle and patriotism among them contributes to the awareness of national values and the development of the country. Higher education institutions provide not only scientific knowledge, but also the physical and spiritual development of students. Sports and cultural events promote health and patriotism. At the stage of postgraduate education, the study of national values and research activities help young people to apply theoretical and practical knowledge for the benefit of society. Thus, higher education institutions play an important role in the development of a healthy lifestyle and patriotism among young people, which contributes to the comprehensive development of future generations.