Article is devoted to definition of the basic concepts of science of balāğat which was one of the philological disciplines in middle ages. The article values the meanings of such terms designating defects in the speech as tanāfur (incompatibility), ğarāba (strangeness), muḫālafatu-l-qiyās (contradiction with language norm), ḍa‘fu-t-ta‘līf (weakness of the construction), ta‘qīd  (complexity) are revealed and analizes such notions as lafẓ (word), kalām (speech), ma‘nā (meaning), ḥāl (situation), mutakallim (speaker), muḫāṭab (addressee) as structures of the system of balāǧat.

philological sciences, faṣāḥat, balāğat, phrase, meaning, situation, addresser, addressee.

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