First of all, the article talks about the concept of "Arabic language", the differences of this language today, that is, classical Arabic, modern Arabic literary language, and the living spoken language - dialects and dialects unique to each region. In the past, there was a natural need for well-written resources on Arabic grammar for learning Arabic in our land of Mawarunnahr. The article mentions the books of Imam Sibawayh "Al-Kitab", the work of Imam Mubarrad "Muktazab", the treatise of Usman ibn Umar ibn Hajib Kurdi "Kofiya", the book of Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Malik Tai "Alfiya", the books of Mahmud Zamakhshari "Mufassal" and "Unmuzaj", the treatise of Sayyid Sharif Jurjani "Nahv-i Mir" and the book of Maulana Abdurrahman Jami "Sharh-i Mullo".

Arabic is considered as one of the most difficult languages in the world. When teaching the Arabic language, first of all, it is necessary to learn the history, literature, geographical location, customs and national values of the Arab countries. In the process of teaching the language, students are explained the linguistic features of the Arabic language through a comparative analysis of the relationships and radically different aspects of the Uzbek language. This article shows the effectiveness of the use of modern information technologies in the educational process, the feasibility of teaching the Arabic language in 4 stages.

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the process of learning foreign languages at levels A0-A2.

The results of a survey conducted among 100 students of the Faculty of Oriental Philology and English Philology at the Uzbek State University of World Languages showed a high level of interest in using AI tools such as Duolingo, ChatGPT, Google Translate, Replika, Mondly, and Deep Seek.

Scientific novelty: A focus on levels A0-A2 and a comprehensive analysis of the impact of various AI tools (ChatGPT, Duolingo, Google Translate, Mondly, Deep Seek, Replika) allow for assessing their effectiveness in developing vocabulary and grammar. The study not only captures students' current experience but also offers practical steps for integrating AI into the methodology of teaching foreign languages.

The survey results show a high level of student interest in using AI for learning foreign languages, especially in the areas of vocabulary and grammar.

This article is devoted to the study of verbs in Mahmud Zamakhshari's "Al-Mufassal". First, the work "Al-Mufassal" is described in detail, including the copies preserved in manuscript funds and by whom it was studied. Then, the classification of verbs is presented in the "verb chapter" of the work "Al-Mufassal". The principles of explaining verbs in the work "Al-Mufassal" are directly compared with the work of Sibawayhi.

This article analyzes the information provided in Yaqut al-Hamawi's work Mu'jam al-Udaba, written in the 12th–13th centuries, regarding more than thirty scholars who were born, created, and left a scientific and literary legacy in the region of Mawarannahr. As a result, the perception of Mawarannahr scholars in the early medieval scientific portrait was identified. Additionally, the unique aspects of each scholar's biography were examined.                                

This article provides detailed information about the commentaries (ḥawāshī) written on Abdurahman Jami’s “Fawa’id al-Ḍiya’iyya”. Ḥawāshī are an integral part of the Eastern scholarly tradition, serving to deepen the understanding and interpretation of texts. The article discusses the well-known ḥawāshī on “Fawa’id al-Ḍiya’iyya”, their authors, reasons for their composition, and their scholarly significance. Additionally, it examines the stylistic approaches used in these ḥawāshī and their contribution to understanding Jami’s work. The study highlights the role of these commentaries as part of the academic heritage and their importance in Arabic linguistics and grammar.

The article examines the strengthening of the Turkic factor in Egypt after the rise to power in the second half of the 13th century of Mamluk sultans, who originated from Kipchak and Oghuz tribes. The influence of the Turkic factor affected not only the socio-political, but also the cultural and literary life of the country. A whole layer of Turkic-language fiction and scientific literature was created, which has survived to this day.

The literary environment of Egypt, the center of Arab culture since the second half of the 20th century, has played a significant role in the emergence and development of modern Arabic poetry. Over several decades of the past century, new trends and movements emerged in Egyptian poetry, including in the genre of fable both in form and content. The struggle between the principles of tradition and renewal intensified. This article describes the “new poetry” movement in Egyptian literature and its characteristics, including the reasons for its emergence and development, as well as the socio-aesthetic factors and stages of its evolution.

This article aims to study Arabic folk proverbs about women in various classifications. In particular, proverbs about daughters, the image of a mother, marriage, the role of women in the family, and elderly women are analyzed in separate groups. Through this, the article explores how women have been evaluated in folklore.

Arabic literature is considered an intellectual and cultural beacon that has shaped the identity of Arab civilization over the centuries. It has excelled in documenting history, transmitting knowledge, and shaping human thought globally. Its influence was not limited to the Arab world but extended to other civilizations through translation and cultural exchange, contributing to the development of global literature and arts. This article explores the origins and development of Arabic literature throughout the ages, its role in spreading science and thought, and its influence on European literature, along with the contributions of Arab writers to global culture. It also examines the importance of translation and cultural interaction in enhancing the status of Arabic literature worldwide, with recommendations for supporting and promoting it in the modern era.

Abu Hafs al-Nasafi, who worked and created many books in the field of jurisprudence and history, as well as the science of balaga, kalam and tafsir, was one of the outstanding scientists of his time, and left us his rich spiritual heritage. The book “Kitab al-Kand”, which has come down to us, is one of the valuable sources of information about the social life of Movarunnahr. This article tells about the discovery of this work and about the social and spiritual life of Samarkand.                                                     

This article illuminates the topic of participles in Arabic from both morphological and syntactic perspectives. It presents the opinions of specialists in the field, including past scholars, medieval, and contemporary grammarians, along with supporting evidence. Information is provided on how these words, which are considered verbal forms, function and what patterns they follow. Cases where words in the masdar form are also used in the sense of participles are explained.

This article is devoted to the study of the asymmetry of form and content in the Arabic language, specifically the way it is expressed in a simple sentence. Special attention is given to the role of adverbs of manner. The analysis shows that that linguistic units can alter the semantic content of a sentence, creating semantic shifts between form and content. As a result of the study, the main mechanisms of such asymmetry have been identified, as well as their impact on the interpretation of statements in the Arabic language.

The article is dedicated to analyzing the concepts of definiteness and indefiniteness in the Arabic language, as well as examining nouns that belong to the category of definiteness. In Arabic, there exists a category of definiteness and indefiniteness, which is not found in many other languages. By studying this category, one can understand the true meaning of words, as these categories clarify what is familiar or unfamiliar to the speaker and the listener.

This article is devoted to the study of the role and place of women in pre-Islamic society, its essence and merits, positive and negative aspects, which received artistic reflection in the early medieval oral narratives “Ayyam al-Arab”. For this purpose, some tribal stories – “Days” were selected and analyzed, on the basis of which the main participants of historical events, heroines of that time were identified, and an attempt was made to classify them.

The Arabic language is governed by a clear economic system, which manifests in various aspects, including the structure and cohesion of the text, known as coherence and consistency in the language of text scholars, as well as the meanings of morphological structures and the contextual aspect adopted by pragmatic discourse. There are other elements that need to be observed and counted. In this framework, words are similar to currencies; they have intrinsic value and an exchange rate represented by their denotative value. Linguists have recognized the importance of avoiding unnecessary verbosity in speech, stating: "Why speak more when you can speak less?" This is the essence of economics: Why pay more when you can pay less?

This study aims to design a guidance program based on positive thinking and measure its impact on learning Arabic among non-native speakers. It also seeks to explore the relationship between positive thinking and improved linguistic performance, as well as the reduction of language anxiety.

Modern Egyptian literature, particularly the novel genre, demonstrates its national characteristics through the vividness and uniqueness of its writers' styles. Although the features of the formation and development of the novel genre and the works of its representatives have been studied to some extent in the literature of Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, and several other Arab countries of the 20th century, the work of the famous representative of Egyptian literature Salwa Bakr has been relatively little studied. Studying contemporary Egyptian literature, particularly the works of Salwa Bakr, allows for a more complete understanding of the development of general Arabic literature, especially Egyptian literature. Many of her works have been translated into various languages. She is the author of several collections of short stories and novels. The writer's short novel "Rabbits" is also considered a work that has earned readers' recognition for its unique artistry. In this article, the artistry of Salwa Bakr's work "Rabbits" is revealed through quoted passages.

This article provides a brief overview of the formation of interrogative sentences in Arabic, their grammatical features, and their various semantic interpretations in the field of rhetoric. The main focus is on the classification of interrogative sentences, which Ahmad Hashimi divides into three types: those requiring confirmation, those requiring description, and those aimed solely at verification. Additionally, secondary meanings of interrogative sentences, such as command, encouragement, equivalence, assertion, improbability, and mockery, are explained using examples from the Quran.

This article is devoted to the factors influenced on development of literature of Gulf Arab countries as well as the peculiar role of these factors in Oman literature formation. The writers and their names have been studied, which contributed to the development of Omani prose.

The works of Hakim Tirmidhi contain very interesting information on lexicology. In an environment where sciences are considered as a whole, Tirmidhi strives to get to the deep meaning of every word. To do this, he connects Arabic word formation with the internal meaning of the word, distinguishes between original and non-original words, and draws conclusions that letters carry a semantic load in the word. He also claims that there are no synonyms in the Qur'an and that every word is unique, even if it has a similar meaning.

This article analyzes the poetic commentary "Nazmi aqoid" on Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi's work "Aqoid an-Nasafiya". There are opinions among scholars that this Turkic poem belongs to Alisher Navoi. The article examines the views of foreign and local scholars on this topic. During the research process, it was determined that in one of the manuscript copies of the work, there is a verse indicating that the author is Alisher Navoi. This work, which could potentially be authored by Alisher Navoi, awaits its researchers.

This article analyzes the life, scientific activities, and contributions of the 12th-century scholar al-Mutarrizi to Arabic linguistics. Special attention is given to the significance of his work "al-Mughrib fi Tartib al-Mu‘rib" and its place in the scientific heritage. For the first time, al-Mutarrizi’s works are thoroughly examined based on various historical sources and modern research. The study reveals that al-Mutarrizi’s scholarly legacy had a significant impact on the development of Arabic grammar. In conclusion, it is emphasized that studying al-Mutarrizi’s scientific heritage is crucial for a deeper understanding of the Arabic linguistic traditions of the 11th-12th centuries in the Mawarannahr region.                                                               

This article provides an in-depth analysis of one of the key grammatical categories of the Arabic language — the topic of “Exclusion” (Istisna). It details various types of exclusions, the tools used to express them, and their grammatical rules.

This article analyzes Arabic kunyas in Alisher Navoi’s Majolisu-n-nafois, highlighting their linguistic, social, and literary significance. It explores how Navoi skillfully used and expanded their meanings, solidifying their role in Uzbek literature.

Article is devoted to definition of the basic concepts of science of balāğat which was one of the philological disciplines in middle ages. The article values the meanings of such terms designating defects in the speech as tanāfur (incompatibility), ğarāba (strangeness), muḫālafatu-l-qiyās (contradiction with language norm), ḍa‘fu-t-ta‘līf (weakness of the construction), ta‘qīd  (complexity) are revealed and analizes such notions as lafẓ (word), kalām (speech), ma‘nā (meaning), ḥāl (situation), mutakallim (speaker), muḫāṭab (addressee) as structures of the system of balāǧat.

This article examines the role of Alisher Navoiy in the development of the Uzbek literary language and analyzes his literary heritage. The advantages of the Turkic language, as discussed in his work Muhokamatu-l-lug‘atayn, as well as his contribution to Uzbek poetry through the Khamsa collection, are highlighted. Additionally, the use of Arabic and Persian words in the poem Sab’ai Sayyor and their literary significance are explored. The philological and linguistic importance of Navoiy’s works and their contribution to the development of the Uzbek language are extensively covered.

This study examines the phonological, morphological, and semantic evolution of the terms tourism and visit in Arabic, Persian, and Uzbek. In Arabic, «siyāḥa» retains the phoneme «ḥ» and signifies travel, while «ziyāra» is associated with pilgrimage and carries religious connotations. In Persian, these borrowed terms undergo phonetic changes, with «ḥ» shifting to «h» and  «tā-marbūṭa» being replaced by «t», leading to semantic modifications. In Uzbek, influenced by Turkic phonetics, «yy» transforms into yyo, «ḥ» is realized as «h», and the construction «ziyorat qilmoq» acquires a stable meaning of «performing a pilgrimage» or «paying a respectful visit». These linguistic processes, shaped by Islamic cultural influence and the historical role of the Silk Road, highlight the phonological stability of Arabic, the semantic broadening in Persian, and the adaptive nature of Uzbek.

Al-Andalus is distinguished by its enchanting and breathtaking natural beauty. Al-Andalus is Levantine in its pleasant climate and air, Yemeni in its moderation and balance, Indian in its fragrance and delicacy, Ahwazi in its great revenues, Chinese in its rich mineral resources, and Adeni in the benefits of its coasts. Poets have praised it, depicting it in the finest descriptions, considering it one of the most flourishing lands. Al-Andalus belongs to the Levantine region, which is one of the best and most moderate regions. Its air and soil are the purest, its water the sweetest, its air, animals, and plants the most pleasant. It is the central region, and the best things are always in the middle.

This article discusses terms related to Arabic grammar.  The issue of their translation into Uzbek language, the aspects that should be paid attention to in this work are highlighted.  Brief but widely relevant information is given about the ways used in the interpretation of terms.  In this field, an attempt was made to inform about the importance of the works of "al-Mufassal" by Abul Qasim Muahmud ibn Umar Zamakhshari, one of the most prominent representatives of the scholars of the East, who taught the Arabs the Arabic language.           

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the linguistic and stylistic features of classical Arabic texts. It highlights the grammatical and lexical elements within the texts and their relevance to contemporary Arabic language education. Classical texts play a significant role in preserving the purity of the Arabic language and serve as an essential resource for linguistic research. The article also examines the cultural and scientific heritage of these classical texts within the Arab world and their influence on modern research. It discusses how the use of these texts in research contributes to the ongoing development of modern science and knowledge.

This research addresses issues of translation and its studies, focusing on literary translation as one of the most complex branches of translation. It reviews the main problems faced by literary translators, such as conveying style, preserving the spirit of the original text, and transferring cultural contexts. The research also discusses other issues in the field of translation, such as the challenges of machine translation, the influence of social and political contexts, and linguistic and semantic differences. Finally, the research provides recommendations aimed at improving translation quality and enhancing its role in achieving cultural communication.

at the beginning of the XI-th century, the rich manuscript heritage of Central Asian scientists was widespread in Dagestan (the Republic of the North Caucasus). Among them, for example, were astronomical tables made by the famous Uzbek scientist Mirzo Ulugbek. Six copies of noble prophetic hadiths collected by Imam al-Bukhari were found in the mosque located in the Dagestan village Akusha. Al-Samarkandi’s work entitled “Treatise on Research Literature” was found in the personal library of Mr. Muhammad Said Saidov, which also indicated the name of the scientist Burhan ad-Din al-Numan al-Zarnuji, who lived in the city of Bukhara. There were also many books by Central Asian scientists and jurists, which became available for most scientists and noble rulers of Dagestan, and as a striking example of this, we find the message of the correspondence found in Arabic by the ruler of the medieval state formation of Zirekhgeran, which is currently called “Kubachi". There is also a book called al-Shamsiyya. This book was used to teach Arabic in many madrasahs in Central Asia. In the same letter, the author mentions the “Book of Beliefs” of the scholar Saad ad-Din al-Taftazani, which is the book about the explanations of (Nasafi) teachings, who lived at that time in the Uzbek city called Nasf, which today is called Karshi. At that time, this city was one of the largest centers of Islamic science in Central Asia.

This article scientifically studies the variation observed in Arabic proverbs and sayings. The forms in which variation occurs are first highlighted theoretically and then practically demonstrated using Arabic proverbs and sayings. It is studied how one or several variant proverbs arise from an invariant proverb. The integrity of their meaning is generalized.

This  article focuses on the application and effective use of modern pedagogical technologies in teaching the Arabic language. It is noted that until now, traditional methods have been used in teaching the Arabic language in the classroom, and now modern pedagogical technologies and approaches, including interactive teaching methods, digital tools and communicative methods, are being applied to the process of teaching the Arabic language. The article focuses on reading and writing, which are considered to be the main aspects of the Arabic language, and explains with examples the methods that serve to master this aspect well in language learning.

Recommendations are given on the cases in which they are effective in the process of language acquisition and on choosing the optimal teaching strategy.

Distance learning has become an urgent necessity in the modern era, especially with the spread of technology and its adoption in the educational process. However, teaching Arabic remotely faces various challenges, such as weak interaction between the teacher and learner, difficulty in assessing student performance, and technical issues related to the quality of the internet and the software used. This research aims to analyze these problems and propose practical solutions to improve this mode of education by enhancing digital curricula, increasing interaction, and using artificial intelligence technologies to support the learning process.

This article explores the concept of masdar in the Arabic language, scholars' opinions on it, the types of masdar, the number of roots it can have, and its classification based on form. It also explains how different masdars can be distinguished from each other and properly assigned to the correct pattern.

Currently, large-scale reforms are being implemented in the religious and educational sphere, along with all spheres. In this regard, the work carried out by newly established international research centers in our country is becoming important. One of these scientific centers, the Imam Bukhari International Scientific and Research Center, has so far translated many Arabic manuscripts written by our scholars into Uzbek. This is of great importance in conveying the scientific heritage of scholars from the territory of our country to our people. This article discusses the translation work carried out by the Imam Bukhari International Research Center and its results.

The article analyzes the phonological and morphological changes that occur in Arabic verbs, in particular, the process of word inflection. Based on the work of Muhammad al-Muizzi "Tasrif al-Afal", the types of assimilation, its conditions and manifestations in the verses of the Koran are explained.

The importance of translation in recent decades, with the development of artificial intelligence and its consistent introduction into the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of modern society, has exceeded all expectations and its universal role in maintaining the stability of international relations has increased significantly. Due to changing needs, a motley need for various types of translation is emerging. The leading role of linguists, translators and translation programs especially intensified during the spread of the Covid-19 virus and in the post pandemic period, its place rose to an incomparable first place. The task and role of social networks, Internet sites in the social life of societies have gone beyond such material barriers and boundaries that it is impossible to imagine all this without translators and linguists in the shadow of its non-repeatable and diverse culture and economic development, as well as in the constant flow of information news, as well as exchange programs in cultural and scientific achievements.  

As mentioned above, the presentation of information, industry, artistic and socio-political news, Internet resources is unthinkable without translation activities.  

This article will discuss some aspects about new approaches to the study and teaching of the lexical compound and the rules of the Arabic language.  

In particular, the combined forms of izafet are considered, which are among the important rules of the Arabic language, as well as difficulties in reproducing the “izafet combination – “al-izafa al-shakliya”” in the Uzbek language. And as a measure to get rid of certain difficulties, it is proposed to study the so-called “al-izaf al-shakliya” in another topic, namely in the field of “definition”. 

In this article, information is given about the units that form the subordinating link in the Arabic language, as well as their peculiarities in expressions and linguo-pragmatic functions.  It is the first time that these functional properties have been investigated, and in the process it has been established through examples and concrete conclusions that these units do not belong to a group based solely on the formation of a subordinating conjunction.

COVID-19 served as one of the most influential factors in the global spread of distance learning. During this pandemic, not only students but also teachers faced numerous difficulties in organizing classes in accordance with the prevailing situation. With the onset of technology-based education during the pandemic, Arabic language teachers, like other language instructors, encountered challenges in using new technologies. Many teachers faced obstacles in using online platforms such as Zoom, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams for conducting online classes. Although the traditional classroom system was later reinstated, the development and improvement of the distance learning model as a requirement of today's times is an increasingly important task in the field of education. This article examines a number of problems and solutions related to the implementation of distance learning.                                                

The purpose of this article is to study the interpretation of the image and psychology of a woman within the framework of Eastern national traditions in the works of the Syrian-Lebanese writer Ghada al-Samman and the Uzbek writer Zulfiya Kurolboy kizi, who are currently actively working and are leading writers of their time in national literature. We tried to reveal a number of elements of artistic and psychological analysis in it and to link these trends with factors that are becoming increasingly dominant in modern world prose.

Terminology, as a scientific discipline, is an important source of lexical enrichment for the Arabic language. The rapid development of science and technology has led to more than 90% of new words in modern languages being technical terms, highlighting the dynamic growth of specialized vocabulary. Despite the support of traditional linguistic academies, scientific and technological progress has resulted in the widespread borrowing of foreign terms. However, their adaptation has been accompanied by the emergence of synonymous designations, caused by the lack of standardized translation practices and terminological uncertainty.

This article is dedicated to the work of the renowned Egyptian poet Bint ash-Shati and the equally well-known Uzbek poet Zulfiya. Their poems were examined and analyzed. Both poets extensively used various artistic means of expression in their work, such as isti'ara (metaphor), tashbih (simile), and tazad (antithesis). The creative paths of Bint ash-Shati and Zulfiya have much in common. Both were awarded various accolades and are known beyond the borders of their respective countries.

Man is by nature a social being, he aspires to socialize, interact with others, exchange information, participate in group activities and social services. There is no doubt that effective communication with society requires an appropriate means, and language is one of the easiest and most effective means of communication.

Language is the primary means of expressing thoughts and feelings, and is a social phenomenon that makes social interaction possible between members of society. Through language, thoughts are united and feelings are disseminated in a framework of empathy, social understanding and compassionate participation. Modern linguists agree that language plays a vital role in determining the relationships between members of society, enhancing the cohesion and interaction of society. Since there are hundreds and thousands of languages spoken around the world, it is natural that we find countless phrases of greetings and farewells. In fact, there are more than 7,100 languages spoken in the world today. And the first thing that is taught to a learner in any foreign language is the etiquette of that language, which includes greetings and farewells.  

This article analyzes the history of studying the Arabic language and its dialects, linguistic research, and the relevance of dialects in the modern world. It examines the differences between dialects in terms of lexicon, semantics, grammar, and pronunciation. Additionally, the role of Arabic dialects in society, their use in formal and informal communication, is discussed. The article provides information on the process of dialect formation, the factors influencing their development, and their periodization.

The article presents a semantic analysis of some words related to worship found in Mahmud Zamakhshari's work "Rabi' al-Abror". The process of giving new meaning to the original meaning of these words and their formation as special terms in religious texts is studied.

The listening method plays a crucial role in mastering the Arabic language, as it allows learners to deeply immerse themselves in the natural rhythm and structure of the language. This approach enhances comprehension, pronunciation, and vocabulary acquisition while also fostering a deeper understanding of Arabic culture. This article examines the significance of the listening method, effective materials and strategies for its implementation, and its advantages in modern Arabic language education. Studies indicate that integrating the listening method with modern technologies and interactive exercises significantly boosts learners' skills and engagement.

The article highlights the research conducted by prominent medieval linguists such as Abu Usman al-Jahiz, Qudama ibn Ja'far, Abdullah ibn Mu'tazz, Askariy, Ibn Rashiq, and others on the science of eloquence, their proposed ideas, and their contributions to the development of this field.

The article analyzes the grammatical heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari, in particular, the sec-tion of his work "Muqaddimat al-Adab" dedicated to verb conjugation. The scholar's contribu-tion to the development of Arabic linguistics, his place and scientific achievements are high-lighted. Mahmud Zamakhshari's grammatical views and methods are shown to be significant for modern linguistics. Zamakhshari's place in Arabic grammar and the relevance of his works today are revealed. The grammatical heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari is an important part of Arabic linguistics, and his works have not lost their significance to this day.

This article is dedicated to the study of the first written genres of Arabic literature in the pre-Islamic period. The author presents scientific data on the use of kitabat in the daily life of Arabs in the days of Jahiliyya: in the preparation of various commercial documents and peace agreements and literary treatises were sent in oral form The author also puts forward the possibility that treatises existed in written form in the Jahiliyya period, based on a number of scientific assumptions.

This article discusses the activities of Arabic language academies and organizations that study terminology in some Arab countries.    Today, the “Arab Center for Legal and Judicial Studies” (المركز العربي للبحوث القناعية والقضائية) is working on terminology related to the field of law. The novelty of this topic is that it provides detailed information about Arabic language academies. In conclusion, it should be said that the Arab countries that gained independence established language academies in order to Arabize terminology in the field. Various conferences and seminars were held by these Arabic language academies, terminology disciplines were introduced into the educational process, and the results of scientific research, which are the main sources of enriching terminology, were published and distributed in the form of articles and dictionaries.

This article is devoted to the study of the modality of possibility and impossibility, its functioning in the official discourse of the Arabic language. The speeches of the President of Egypt at the highest meetings of the League of Arab States over the past ten years were chosen as a source. In the course of the work, all means of expressing the modality of possibility and impossibility were selected and analyzed, and an attempt was made to systematize them by frequency of use and classify them by means of expression.

This article discusses the methods of translating Arabic proverbs into Uzbek and the challenges encountered in the process. Examples of Arabic proverbs are provided, along with an analysis of the techniques used to convey their meaning in translation.       

The medical language, with a rich history, has developed further with the globalization of medicine and scientific collaboration. This article analyzes the main issues related to the translation of medical terminology in the Arabic language. Medical terms, their meanings, and the lack of clarity in their translation, as well as cultural and linguistic differences, homonymy, and polysemy, are challenges that translators must address. These problems demand a deeper exploration of medical terms and translation issues. The article also discusses Arabic medical words and terms, their historical development, and their impact on modern medical translation.  

This article explores the impact of digital mass media on Arabic, focusing on the influence of the Egyptian dialect. The spread of the Egyptian dialect through digital platforms and its effect on Modern Standard Arabic are analyzed. The novelty of this study lies in its practical and theoretical analysis of how digital media shapes linguistic changes in Arabic. Findings suggest that digital media significantly influences the emergence of new Arabic forms and lexical transformations. In conclusion, digital communication plays a key role in the evolution of Arabic.

This article analyzes the evolution of the image of Arab national identity in literary texts, its connection with the socio-political context, and the role of literature in the construction of national consciousness. An attempt is made to comprehensively consider how the problem of national identity is reflected and comprehended in the works of Arab literary critics. It also analyzes national identity as one of the key issues that are actively explored within the framework of modern Arab literary criticism and theory.

This article examines the theoretical and modern characteristics of Arabic media in Uzbekistan. In the context of the scientific heritage of Arabic studies, it analyzes the modern influence of Arab media on Uzbek society, focusing on the linguistic aspects developed by Marghinani, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), as well as key elements of modern media in Uzbekistan. This research discusses the factors that influence the formation of linguistic style and methods of expression, highlighting the importance of these in the context of modern media.

The article examines metaphorical transfers and symbolic meanings associated with the lexeme "love". The analysis is based on linguistic material, including literary texts, proverbs and phraseological units. Particular attention is paid to conceptual metaphors reflecting the perception of love in different cultures, as well as their semantic and cognitive features. Key images and symbols associated with love and their influence on the formation of worldview are identified.

The article is devoted to the study of somatic phraseological units in the Arabic language, including their semantic, syntactic, and cultural characteristics. Special attention is paid to the comparison of Arabic somatic phraseology with other languages and the unique features of Arabic idioms containing body parts. The research highlights the distinctive aspects of Arabic somatic phraseology and its differences from somatic idioms in other languages.

This article analyzes the morphological development and structural-functional characteristics of terms related to “Hajj” and “Umrah” in the Arabic language from ancient times to the modern era. The study examines the morphological changes of these terms and their specific functions in expressing religious rituals. The research results reveal how the words related to Hajj and Umrah have undergone changes over time and space, highlighting their semantic narrowing and usage in religious contexts. Over 100 morphological examples from both ancient and modern studies are provided, with a detailed morphological analysis of the roots and meanings of these terms.

This article examines the representation of Ma‘ani science in Qazwini’s Talkhis al-Miftah and its role in Arabic rhetoric. It provides an analysis of the fundamental components and key concepts of Ilm al-Ma‘ani, comparing them with Uzbek grammar. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of Qazwini’s work on the development of Arabic linguistics and rhetoric.

Accusative case completes the action of the verb in meaning and answers the questions such as "Who?", "What?", "Who from?", "From what?" It is divided into object of a transitive verb and adverbial object. Object of a transitive verb answers the questions "who?" and “what?” known as المفعول به and comes after subject and predicate. It should be noted that the famous linguist Mustafa Gallaini, in contrast to other modern scientists, in his book "جامع الدروس العربية" distinguishes two types of accusative(cognate and hidden) and divides them into several species. Also, in the aforementioned book of the scholar, there are many other sources of information about object of a transitive verb. "Masdar muwwal" or "jumlah mu'awwal" are can be examples of this.

Meanings exist in every human mind, but the methods of expressing and conveying them vary. There are abstract, figurative, or verbal methods, and others that are realistic, stereotypical, or neutral. There are profound and superficial methods. The more skillful a speaker is in conveying meaning, the more skillful and powerful he becomes in using figurative or verbal images appropriate to the situation. This is the pinnacle and culmination of eloquence. Our article discusses the eloquence of figurative images as part of the three components of rhetoric, which include the sciences of rhetoric, semantics, and poetics, focusing on the value of imaginative images in Arabic literature in general, and their value in conveying meaning in particular.

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of phraseological units in the Arabic language and their interpretation in classical sources. It examines the role of phraseological expressions in lexicology, as well as their semantic and structural characteristics. The research findings highlight the necessity of a systematic classification of phraseological units in Arabic language studies and their inclusion in dictionaries.

The article is devoted to the issue of subordinate clauses in Arabic, in particular subordinate clauses with conditional clauses, and the means of their expression. The "means of expression" include, first of all, verb moods, as well as conjunctions, adverbs and words in the role of conjunctions, as well as integral constructions expressing conditions. In complex constructions of this type, both morphology and syntax are closely related.                                                      

This article analyzes the role and significance of punctuation marks (spelling marks) in Arabic in linguistics and translation. The article examines the system of punctuation marks in Arabic, its syntactic and semantic functions, as well as their significance in translation and methods of changing them. The problems associated with punctuation marks in the process of translation from Arabic to other languages, in particular, into Uzbek, and methods for solving them are analyzed. The article may be useful for those involved in the theory and practice of translation, as well as for those studying the Arabic language.

In this article, Arabic words belonging to the plural noun category in Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur's work "Boburnama" were analyzed as a linguopoetic tool. The exact places where the author used such words in the work were studied. The importance of words borrowed from Arabic to Turkic and the linguistic changes that occurred in them were also studied. Arabic words that have been used in the same form since the time of writing "Boburnama" to the present day were discussed.

This article reveals the artistic techniques of the human psychological state image in the modern Arabic short stories. To this end, a number of works of modern Arab writers such as Fouad al-Tekerli "Unknown wisper", Muhsin Yusuf "Sadness" as well as Zakaria Tamer "Prison" were selected. In the process of analysis the artistic skills features of psychological analysis of human state and styles verges of these writers have been studied and the means of artistic expression in the short stories have been reviewed.

This article discusses the issues of Arabic grammar, in particular, the emergence and formation of Arabic lexicography. Also, within the scope of the article, issues that have attracted the attention of scholars in the field of Oriental studies around the world, as well as the scientific heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari, who laid the foundation for one of the main directions in the formation of Arabic lexicography, are studied with great interest and enthusiasm.

This article examines how Arab writers viewed the city of Samarkand from different perspectives in their literary works, and how they presented it to readers in historical novels, fiction, and poetry. From historical novels, writers drew their knowledge from historical books, giving the characters of the city's inhabitants a realistic dimension that reflects their cultural and intellectual diversity. Fictional novels, on the other hand, relied on the writers' imaginations and the influences they had on hearing and reading, adding an artistic dimension to their portrayal of their characters. Samarkand was depicted as a city brimming with wisdom and tolerance. In Arabic poetry, Samarkand was portrayed as a shining city, and its people were portrayed as delicate characters.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the impact of Egypt's literary environment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on social life. This period is marked by British colonial rule, national awakening movements, and cultural modernization processes. Literature is examined as a tool for shaping national identity, resisting colonialism, and transforming the socio-political landscape. The study also explores the development of Egyptian journalism, the emergence of modern literary genres, and the rise of feminist literature.

This article is dedicated to the "Hamd" and "Na’t" sections of Ogahiy’s work *Gulshani Davlat*, exploring their types. The article compares the published version and the manuscript for the first time. It discusses the differences between the publication and the manuscript, and analysis has been conducted on the text where these differences are present.                                  

This article focuses on the grammatical analysis of the accusative case in Arabic, based on Abdurrahman Jami’s interpretation in his work "Favaiduz-Ziyaiyya". The study examines Jami’s views on the accusative case, its role in arabic grammar, and its interpretation within the field of nahv studies.

More than 30 jurists emerged from Ustrushana, one of the prestigious scientific and cultural centers formed during the First Renaissance, one of whom was Majduddin Muhammad ibn Mahmud Ustrushani. This article is about Majduddin Ustrushani and his scientific heritage. Full information is also given on the principles of creating a scientific-critical text of the work of the jurist “al-Asil wa-l-aywiba”.

This article provides information on the scientific heritage of the famous Khorezm linguist, lexicographer, literary critic, historian, geographer and commentator Mahmud Zamakhshari, in particular, about 90 of his works on historical geography, literature, linguistics, lexicography, religion, law, and ethics. The article also discusses the initial information about the scientific heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari.

This article discusses the linguistic features of the Arabic-language media, in particular the design of headlines in the Arabic-language press and the style of their translation.

The purpose of this article is to explore specific aspects of teaching and assessing Arabic language learners’ receptive language skills using a deductive approach. By teaching and assessing Arabic receptive language skills, learners can gain a deeper understanding of the language and build a solid foundation for other skills. This approach has been shown to have a positive impact on their future professional and academic success.

Omani literature is currently developing rapidly and has become the focus of attention for literary scholars worldwide. This article discusses Joha al-Kharisiy, one of the prominent representatives of this literature. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the writer’s entry into the literary world, her career, and her literary heritage, with several examples provided.

The study of the science of balagat is the main factor in the study of our scientific heritage. Therefore, the work of Abdulkahir Jurjoni "Asroru-l-baloga" is of great importance. This article is written based on the study of the life and scientific work of Abdulkahir Jurjoni and the study of his work "Asroru-l-baloga”.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conveyance of national color in the Arabic translation of Gafur Gulyam's novella "The Mischief-maker", including the problems of reproducing national realities, names, and everyday life. The study evaluates the effectiveness of translation techniques, noting the generally successful transmission of names and nicknames, but also some shortcom-ings. Overall, the translation is considered successful in introducing Uzbek culture to Arab read-ers, although certain aspects require further study.

The article reveals the meaning of the concept of "competence", its origin, various views on its meaning, the stages of the formation of the concept of "competence", the penetration of the word competence into scientific circulation, its theoretical aspects, the stages of the formation of the concept of competence, the competence approach, the position of the modern teacher today, teaching students abstract things in the learning process, objective and subjective factors of teaching Arabic, the interest of teaching Arabic in Western countries, the strategy of teaching Arabic in Western and Arab countries.

This article examines the growth of Arab media from traditional oral communication to modern platforms, including newspapers, radio, and television. It highlights the impact of global channels like Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya, along with the integration of digital technologies. The analysis underscores Arab media’s evolving role and strengthened position in the international information landscape.

This article examines the lexical-semantic features of color synonyms in the Arabic language, exploring their connotative meanings within cultural-linguistic contexts, as well as their metaphorical expressions. In addition to primary colors like white and black, the research thoroughly analyzes synonymous layers of terms related to green, red, yellow, and ixed colors, emphasizing their cultural significance.

Special attention is given to synonymy processes in the lexical-semantic analysis of specific Arabic expressions such as رجل أزهر rajul azhar, شَعر أشمط shaʿr ashmṭ, كبش أملح kabsh amlaḥ, among others. The study deeply investigates the cultural connotations and symbolic meanings that form cohesive semantic complexes within these synonyms. The research highlights the richness and extensive range of color synonym vocabulary in Arabic, encompassing both primary denotative meanings and metaphorical connotative nuances.

The findings illustrate a close interplay between these synonyms and cultural, social, and linguo-cognitive factors. It concludes that without considering color synonymy, fully revealing complex semantic structures in Arabic remains incomplete. The article recommends further studies of color semantics and synonymy, expanding analysis into historical, dialectal, and various genre-specific texts.

This paper examines the historical and intellectual significance of al-Jurjani’s work, focusing on its influence on the study of Arabic syntax and rhetoric. The study analyzes the manuscripts and lithographed editions of Al-Awamīl al-Mī’a preserved in various global collections, including those at the Abu Rayhan Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and institutions in Russia, Azerbaijan, and Europe.

It also discusses al-Jurjani’s pedagogical approach, his intellectual legacy, and the impact of his teachers and students. By exploring the global dissemination of his work, this paper highlights al-Jurjani’s lasting influence on Arabic linguistics, positioning his theories as foundational to the development of later linguistic and rhetorical studies.

The findings underscore the importance of Al-Awamīl al-Mī’a in both classical and contemporary discussions of Arabic grammar.                                           

This article explores the importance of Abdurahman Jami's "Favoiduz Ziyoiyya" in Arabic linguistics and its contribution to grammatical studies. It examines the work's significance in Arabic syntax and morphology, its systematic approach to grammar, and its relevance in Islamic educational systems.

This article is devoted to the study of the problems of translating Arabic phraseology into Uzbek. Phraseology plays an important role in any language, as it not only conveys specific meanings, but also reflects cultural characteristics. This article discusses the phraseological units of the Arabic language and the main problems of translating them into Uzbek. Examples are analyzed, problems related to the cultural context, lexical inconsistency and stylistic adequacy in translation are identified.

This article is dedicated to the works of the renowned Saudi writer Ahmad Abdul-Malik and the analysis of his short stories, such as "Son of the Tribe" and "Young Wife."

Initially, Saudi literature experienced a strong influence from the Syro-American school, followed by Egyptian literature. Full-fledged artistic prose in Saudi Arabia emerged only in the early 1950s, developing within three literary movements: romantic, realistic, and existentialist.

This research explores the "accusative case of nouns" in Arabic, specifically the occurrences and characteristics of words in the accusative case. The article examines the accusative case of words based on information presented in Ziyoviddin Makkiy Khorazmiy's work "Kifayatu-n-nahv fi ilmi-l-e'rāb". Given that this work is a classic text, its views on the accusative case are compared with the approaches of other contemporary linguists.

The aim of the research is to analyze the rules of the accusative case presented in the work, providing their expressions in Uzbek and expanding the topic.

This article analyzes the didactic features of the integrative approach aimed at developing both productive and receptive language skills in teaching Arabic writing. In particular, it examines the relationship between writing and each type of speech activity separately and highlights various aspects of their interaction, which are crucial for the educational process.

This article is devoted to the semantic features and interpretation of the verbs صمت and سكت, which are frequently found in Arabic and express the meaning of “to be silent”, as well as several verbs that express the meaning of “to be silent”, “to keep silent”, “to hear”, “to be still”, “to be quiet”. The comparative analysis of words that express the meaning of “to remain silent” used some of the views of Arabic linguists, the thoughts of the Prophet's companions about silence and stillness, and Arabic proverbs and wise sayings. The definitions given for silence were presented. An attempt was made to highlight the different features in the use of the verbs صمت and سکت.

This article presents the works of Mahmoud Zamakhshari, who made a great contribution to the development of the Arabic language, information about them, their writing style and classification, and their importance and benefits today. The specific aspects and characteristics of the books “Al Mufassal” and “Atvoquz zahab fil mavoiz val xutob” their publication and translated copies.

This article analyzes the formation of Arab mythology, its early sources and stages of development. The ancient beliefs of the Arab peoples, their views on nature and divine forces, as well as mythological concepts of the era of ignorance are highlighted. How Arab mythology changed with the spread of Islam and how its new forms appeared is studied. Attention is also paid to the place of Arab mythology in folklore, literature and culture.

This research explores the challenges and intricacies of translating idiomatic expressions and phrases from Uzbek to Arabic. It highlights how the artistic and cultural essence of source texts, including the works of prominent Uzbek writers like Oybek, Abdulla Kadiri, and others, are preserved through equivalent Arabic idioms. Specific translation methods, such as using contextual equivalence, are analyzed. The study underlines the role of frazeology in maintaining the artistic style and cultural nuances of the original texts.

This study focuses on the examination of manuscript copies of Ibn Battuta's work “The Journey” (“Rihla”). This work is an important historical source documenting the cultural, political, and geographical diversity of the Islamic world in the Middle Ages. The analysis of various manuscripts – their origins, differences, and historical context – reveals the processes of knowledge transmission and preservation within the Islamic world. Additionally, the study addresses issues of textual discrepancies and their impact on historical interpretation. As a result, the research aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the historical significance of these manuscripts and their contribution to international historical studies.

The process of learning Arabic is changing and these modifications are associated with the introduction of pedagogical technologies, interactive approaches and modern methods. Arabic studies are of great importance not only for academic purposes, but also in the areas of cultural exchange, business, diplomacy and global communication. Today, in addition to traditional methods, modern approaches are also widely used in the study of the language. This article details the modern methods used in teaching Arabic and their effectiveness.

This article discusses the study of the Kashkadarya dialect of the Arabic language in global linguistics, as well as current research conducted by Uzbek scholars in this field, particularly the book "Jeynau Arabic Dialect" and its scientific significance.                                                

This article analyzes the formation, development and main sources of Arabic terminology in the field of Islamic law (fiqh). Islamic law terms are derived from the texts of the Quran and Hadith, and later improved by jurisprudential schools and scholars. The article analyzes the meaning of Islamic legal terms, their historical development process and their place in jurisprudential sources. It also discusses the main sources of Islamic law - the Quran, Sunnah, Ijma' and Qiyas, as well as jurisprudential dictionaries and legal treatises. The study offers important methodological approaches for studying and fully understanding the terminology of Islamic law.  

During the 9th to 11th centuries, Arabic linguistics in Movarounnahr reached its peak, with scholars such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, al-Maturidi, and az-Zarnuji deeply studying the lexical, phonetic, morphological, and syntactic aspects of the Arabic language. In cities like Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, and Merv, unique schools of Arabic linguistics emerged. The scholars of Movarounnahr introduced new theoretical approaches and methodologies, investigating the influence of language on culture, philosophy, and human consciousness. Al-Farabi’s works, such as “Kitab al-Huruf”, provided a profound philosophical analysis of the relationship between language and philosophy. The development of Arabic linguistics during this period held fundamental significance not only for its time but also for subsequent centuries. The scholarly legacy of Movarounnahr’s intellectuals continues to contribute significantly to the advancement of modern linguistics. This era remains a golden age of Arabic linguistics, leaving an indelible mark on the history of Islamic culture. The research of Movarounnahr’s scholars elevated linguistics to a new stage, providing a major impetus for its development.