Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are bringing revolutionary changes to the field of education. In particular, AI-based tools have demonstrated significant effectiveness in developing English writing and pronunciation skills. This article examines the efficiency of English language instruction through AI-powered technologies, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), AI writing assistants, automated pronunciation assessment systems, and chatbots. The study was conducted among 7th–8th grade students with the participation of experimental and control groups. The findings revealed that the use of AI technologies in developing writing and pronunciation skills was more effective than traditional teaching methods. Grammatical accuracy improved by 35%, while pronunciation accuracy increased by 25%. In addition, AI-supported learning enhanced students’ motivation and engagement. However, technological limitations and the incomplete integration of AI tools into existing educational curricula remain significant challenges. The results emphasize the importance of combining AI technologies with traditional teaching approaches through a hybrid learning model. Future research should focus on developing adaptive learning models powered by artificial intelligence to further improve language learning outcomes.

The article examines taronyms as a specific lexical phenomenon formed through the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It analyzes the phonetic, morphological, semantic, and thematic prerequisites for their emergence, as well as the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying their functioning in speech. Special attention is paid to the correlation between taronymy and paronymy, as well as to the role of taronyms in causing semantic interference and communicative disruptions.

The integrity of the plot and compositional elements, literary and figurative devices—and indeed every detail—becomes more apparent thanks to the dynamic nature of the author's voice. This is because the elements of literary discourse presuppose an organic connection between word, sentence, and text. While the author acts as a figure organizing reality, the characters' personalities are naturally revealed through their interactions within the work. When discussing authorial voice, it is essential to first clarify the concept of "authorial personality" (or "authorial image"). Specifically, it is precisely the author's acute internal conflicts and constant struggle with self that ensure the integrity of the plot.

This article investigates the influence of relationship closeness on the use of politeness markers in English and Uzbek social media discourse. The study is based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, particularly the notions of “face”, social distance, power relations and ranking of imposition. The analysis also draws on discourse-oriented approaches to relational work and computer-mediated discourse studies. The research uses real examples reported in reliable scholarly sources on English online interaction, Facebook compliments, Uzbek youth social media communication and Uzbek speech etiquette. The findings show that relationship closeness does not eliminate politeness; rather, it changes its linguistic form and pragmatic orientation. In close relationships, politeness is more often realized through positive politeness strategies such as solidarity, praise, informal address, joking, emojis and shared-group markers. In socially distant or asymmetrical relationships, speakers tend to use negative politeness strategies, including modal verbs, indirect requests, apologies, respectful pronouns, honorific verb forms and conventional etiquette formulas. The study concludes that English and Uzbek social media discourse share similar pragmatic goals but differ in their structural realization: English relies more on modal and syntactic indirectness, whereas Uzbek actively uses pronominal, morphological, address-based and cultural-etiquette devices.

This article presents a comparative-typological analysis of the mother image created in the works of Utkir Hoshimov alongside prominent examples of foreign literature. Particular attention is paid to identifying the national-ethical, social, psychological, historical-memorial, and mythopoetic characteristics of the mother figure. The representations of mothers in Utkir Hoshimov's "The Affairs of the World" (Dunyoning ishlari), "The Last Victim of the War" (Urushning so‘nggi qurboni), and "Between Two Doors" (Ikki eshik orasi) are compared with the mother characters in Maxim Gorky's "Mother", Chingiz Aitmatov's "The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years", Pearl S. Buck's "The Mother", Bertolt Brecht's "Mother Courage and Her Children", and Toni Morrison's "Beloved". The study employs historical-literary, systemic, comparative-typological, and content analysis methods. The analysis demonstrates that the mother image in Utkir Hoshimov's works serves as a poetic center embodying the national memory, family values, folk wisdom, patience, affection, honesty, and forgiveness of the Uzbek people. Conversely, the article highlights that the mother image in foreign literature is interpreted through the lenses of socio-political awakening, preservation of national identity, economic dependence, war, slavery, and historical trauma. Ultimately, the article scientifically substantiates that while the mother image acquires distinct artistic meanings across different literary and cultural systems, it remains a universal poetic category expressing global human values such as self-sacrifice, responsibility for a child's fate, memory, and moral duty.

This article comparatively examines the linguistic characteristics of phytonyms, that is, plant names, found in Uzbek, Turkish, and Russian folklore. It analyzes the semantic and symbolic functions of the names of trees, flowers, fruits, and other plants used in fairy tales, epics, proverbs, sayings, folk songs, and ritual folklore. The study highlights the role of phytonyms in reflecting people's attitudes toward nature, their national worldview, traditions, and cultural values. It also identifies the common and distinctive meanings of certain plant names across the folklore of the three nations, their positive or negative connotations, and their expressive potential as literary devices. The findings confirm that phytonyms constitute one of the significant linguistic and cultural elements of oral folk literature.

The article analyzes the artistic expression of the national spirit in Said Ahmad’s short story "Qorako‘z Majnun." It examines how the author artistically illuminates the spiritual world of the Uzbek people by depicting—in a folk-inspired style—the harmony between humans and nature, the bond between humans and animals, compassion, loyalty, family relationships, and national customs. Furthermore, the article illustrates the writer's skill in crafting a national character and explores the artistic interpretation of the folk worldview, national values, family dynamics, compassion, and the national mentality.