The article offers a contrastive-typological analysis of lexical synonymy in Tajik, an Iranian language of the Indo-European family, and Turkmen, a Turkic language of the Oghuz group. Synonymic series and paired synonyms cited in dictionaries, textbooks and research papers are compared on five parameters: the lexical strata of a series, the dominant and its origin, the features that differentiate members, the form and component order of paired synonyms, and the definition of a synonym in the sources. In both languages the series are multi-layered: native words stand next to Arabic and Persian loans. The difference lies in how the strata are distributed by register. In the Tajik series examined, Arabic words also belong to the neutral core; in the Turkmen series the neutral member is usually a native Turkic word, while bookish and poetic members are loans. Tajik forms paired synonyms with the linking element -u/-yu, Turkmen by hyphenated juxtaposition. The findings can be used in bilingual lexicography and in translation teaching.

synonymy, synonymic series, dominant, paired synonyms, lexical stratum, Tajik, Turkmen, contrastive-typological analysis.

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