This article examines the development trends of countries’ energy policies. Current challenges in implementing state energy policy models have been analyzed. Models of state energy policy for countries rich in energy resources, net importers of energy resources, and transit countries are analyzed, along with their strengths and weaknesses.

Today, one of the most important tasks facing countries worldwide is achieving energy independence - ensuring constant access to sufficient energy resources. In a context of diminishing natural resources, increasing energy consumption, and expanding global environmental protection efforts, making the right choice among state energy policy models for diversifying the energy sector and organizing effective management of available resources is crucial for ensuring economic and social development, as well as political stability of any state.

In the conclusion, the article puts forward scientific recommendations on developing modern mechanisms for energy policy models based on the internal characteristics of countries' energy sectors.

energy, energy policy, energy relations, energy security, model, centralized model, liberal model, integration model, energy exporters, consumer countries, energy transit, oil crisis, energy dependence, alternative energy sources.

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