This article analyzes the concept of social responsibility and its role in the development of society from a socio-philosophical point of view. Social responsibility is considered as a conscious and purposeful activity aimed at promoting the sustainable development of citizens, organizations and society. The article, based on philosophical analysis, examines such aspects as personal and social responsibility of a person, spiritual values, moral norms, civic duty and responsibility to society. It also shows approaches to social responsibility in various philosophical views and their role in modern society. The importance of philosophy, education, mass media and the institution of the family in the formation of social responsibility is emphasized.

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the characteristics of South Korea’s party system and the evolution of its electoral system. It highlights key aspects such as the high volatility of political parties in the country, their weak institutionalization, and their factional nature. The study explains, with examples, processes such as frequent party name changes, splits, mergers, and the phenomenon of “party skin changing.” The article thoroughly examines the mixed electoral system introduced as part of democratic reforms after 1987, its transition to a two-ballot system starting in 2004, and the introduction of semi-proportional elements as a result of the 2020 reforms. It analyzes the impact of this system on the strategies of large and small parties, the formation of artificial (satellite) parties, and mechanisms for expanding parliamentary representation through them. The findings show that although South Korea’s political system remains dominated by two main blocs, small parties are gaining parliamentary seats mainly through proportional lists or by forming alliances with larger parties.

This article is devoted to the study of urbanization processes in the Surkhan oasis at the beginning of the 20th century and their impact on the socio-domestic life of the urban population. The study examines changes in urban planning, population structure, infrastructure (water, electricity supply), transport and trade through the analysis of archival sources and scientific literature. The article emphasizes that at the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of the population of the Surkhan oasis lived in villages [1]. The results show that urbanization processes were mainly aimed at meeting the strategic and economic interests of the colonial government, in particular, the needs of Russian military authorities and industrial enterprises [9]. Due to these processes, the socio-domestic gap between the urban and rural population has further increased.

Despite the fact that 80 years have passed since the end of the Second World War, it is never possible to forget about the terrible days that left an indelible mark on the history of mankind. The domestic supply system, which was considered an integral part of the country’s economic sphere, was in a very difficult position, like other spheres. Only some of the domestic network was in operation during this period. It was not until the demands of the difficult conditions of the war period that it was mainly bath-laundry farms, post-contact networks, food and clothing stores, shoe repair workshops, barber shops (although not on demand) that it operated. The level of household supply of the population remained in a difficult position, despite the growing demand. Because the country’s funds were not diverted to this sector, the funds allocated were also insufficient to meet the needs of the population. The article analyzes the state of household life of the population in complex conditions of the period, types of household services, their activities on the basic of archival documents.

This article explores the formation and role of political actors in the era of globalization through a comparative analysis of Germany, China, and Uzbekistan. The study highlights three distinct models of political systems: the open and pluralistic system of Germany, where multiple actors such as parties, NGOs, civil society, and media actively shape decision-making; the centralized and closed system of China, dominated exclusively by the Communist Party, where alternative actors and initiatives are highly restricted; and the transitional model of Uzbekistan, where the state remains the central actor but the influence of bloggers, analysts, NGOs, and public opinion has been steadily increasing in recent years. The findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of political systems depends not solely on state power and centralized governance, but also on the balance and cooperation among diverse actors. In the context of globalization, openness, inclusiveness, and adaptability of political systems emerge as key factors for sustainable development and resilience in addressing global challenges such as climate change, migration, and pandemics.

The article analyzes the role of continuous education systems in the spiritual and moral development of youth and examines systematic approaches through the lens of innovative strategies and leading educational models in developed countries. The study highlights the significance of educational continuity and integrated pedagogical strategies in shaping the spiritual worldview of young people from a scientific perspective. Additionally, the article presents advanced global approaches, the methodological foundations for combining education and spirituality, and the interconnection between individual and social development of youth. The research findings may be useful in forming policies and pedagogical decisions in the areas of spiritual education and continuous learning.

This article is devoted to a deep philosophical analysis of the role of axiological factors in the perception of the artistic image. The study reveals the central significance of the concept of value in understanding and evaluating art, and it compares the views of Eastern and Western thinkers. In Eastern traditions, works of art were interpreted in close connection with moral and spiritual values, while in Western philosophy they were analyzed through the criteria of aesthetic formalism, universality, and personal experience. Twentieth-century phenomenology demonstrated that values are rooted in bodily and emotional experience, whereas postmodernism emphasized their multilayered and relative nature, advancing the necessity of recognizing diversity in the interpretation of art. Furthermore, the reading reforms being implemented in New Uzbekistan are analyzed as an important factor in shaping aesthetic perception and social consciousness.

The article explores the specific features of relationships between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law, considering the family’s living arrangements. The study involved 212 married women from neolocal, patrilocal, and matrilocal families in Uzbekistan. Using a specially designed questionnaire, content analysis was conducted to examine the perceived advantages and disadvantages of joint and separate living, the image of the ideal mother-in-law, and the main causes of disagreements. The findings indicate that the primary benefit of joint living is mutual support, while the main advantage of separate living is personal freedom and independence. The greatest difficulties of cohabitation are associated with restrictions on personal autonomy, and household issues are identified as the leading source of conflict. The study concludes that communication culture and maintaining a balance between family autonomy and intergenerational support are key to constructive relationships.

This article discusses the scientific foundations of epistemology, its connection with epistemology, the development of theories of knowledge and their significance in the modern era. Personal reflections analyze the social, moral and spiritual role of knowledge in human life, the value and reliability of knowledge in the information age.

This article analyzes the moral-psychological and moral-axiological aspects of deception. It explores the psychological foundations of lying, its place within the system of values, and historical-philosophical perspectives of Eastern and Western thinkers. The study applies comparative and analytical methods, focusing on the consequences of deception in modern society.

The article compares the secularist concepts of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, based on historical documents and reforms. It is shown that the Ataturk model is based on a rigid break with religion, while the Jinn are based on a flexible dualism with the cultural recognition of Islam. It is concluded that the balance between tradition and secular principles is important for Muslim societies.

This article provides a philosophical analysis of the process of upbringing within the family and the social determinants of stability principles. In addition, key factors that ensure family stability—such as socio-economic resilience, cultural values, and systemic integrity in the upbringing process—are examined as distinct social determinants.

The article will discuss the origins of anthropology in Uzbekistan, the history of its development, the research expeditions and studies conducted by our anthropologists and scientists over the past century, as well as the current challenges facing anthropology in Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes, from philosophical and sociological perspectives, the impact of transnational cultural exchange processes on the structures of social consciousness. In the era of globalization, the exchange of cultural elements—occurring through intercultural dialogue, mass media, migration flows, and digital communication systems—radically transforms the cognitive, emotional, and axiological systems of humanity. The article addresses issues such as paradigm shifts in social consciousness, the reconstruction of collective identity, cultural hybridity, and the universalization of social perceptions. The study, based on philosophical analysis, sociological comparativism, and cultural studies approaches, provides a comprehensive assessment of the manifestations of transnational cultural flows within social consciousness and evaluates both their positive and negative consequences.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of moral relativism in social networks and its impact on individual consciousness from a socio-philosophical perspective. It examines the relativization of moral norms in the digital society, the transformation of values in the minds of young people, and the replacement of moral standards by the “like” and “follow” culture. The study identifies both the positive and negative consequences of moral relativism and provides recommendations for forming a stable moral consciousness based on a balance between national and universal values.

The article analyzes social conflicts within social groups, the education system, the state, social parties, historical communities, societies, and civilizations. It explores various types of conflicts such as internal and external, primary and secondary, significant and insignificant, antagonistic and non-antagonistic, as well as their characteristics.

This article analyzes the concepts of tolerance and freedom of conscience as a fundamental component of spirituality and moral values. The right of a person to choose their beliefs, freedom of thought, and the principles of religious harmony are explained by their role in ensuring social stability and spiritual harmony. It also reveals the historical roots of tolerance and its socio-philosophical significance in modern society.

This article examines the transatlantic slave trade in the modern era in relation to the concept of “extraversion” in African history. It draws on contemporary foreign scholarship to demonstrate that during the long period of slavery, elites used external connections to increase their wealth and power, opening up new goods and ideas to societies, and fostering cultural creolization.

This article explores the biography of the jurist Imam Badruddin Muhammad Kardariy (the date of birth or death should be indicated), who originated from the Kardar area of Nukus district in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Based on tarjim books, his name, lineage, epithet, as well as details of his life and scholarly activity have been identified and studied. The article also highlights that Kardar jurists belonged to the Hanafi madhhab, studied its legal principles, and authored several works related to it. Importantly, the biography of Imam Badruddin Muhammad Kardariy has been studied for the first time and introduced into academic circulation by the researcher.