In this article, the identity of Libya, the history of political development of Libya, the fact that the internal conflicts that began with the "Arab Spring" of 2011 caused the Libyan state to sink and become unstable in all aspects (socio-economic, political, spiritual), disrupted the security system, and external (foreign countries) turned into a conflict and dispute area of ​​forces. The article also analyzes how Libya got into this situation, the emergence and state of internal disputes and conflicts.

This article tells about the first teachers who guided one of the greatest scholar and academic scientist Edward Vasilyevich Rtveladze to enlightenment and their infinite contribution to the academic life of the scientist, as well as his hardships on the path of Science and his first practical experience.

By the late 1980s, due to political, economic, social, and moral decline, the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991. In this situation, the Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence, and bold steps were taken to strengthen it. In Khorezm region, addressing water and water management issues from a scientific perspective has always been a critical matter. This article discusses scientific research related to the efficient use of water resources and water-saving technologies. It also covers agreements on jointly managing the distribution of the trans boundary Amu Darya river among neighboring republics, with the remaining water resources allocated to preserve the Aral Sea. Additionally, it provides information on financial support for Aral Sea preservation projects, including contributions from organizations outside Central Asia, such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and countries like Japan, Germany, and China.

This article examines China's geopolitical interests in Afghanistan in the context of contemporary international relations. It examines China's main objectives in the region, including ensuring stability, fighting terrorism, protecting economic investments and promoting the One Belt, One Road project. It analyses China's strategic initiatives, its diplomatic engagement and its interaction with other key players such as the US and Russia. Special attention is paid to China's role in the country's reconstruction process.

The article uses data from a variety of sources, including official statements, analytical reports and expert assessments.

This article examines the specific aspects of the diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and the countries of Afghanistan. Also, from a scientific point of view, some analyzes of the external factors affecting the diplomatic relations between the two countries were carried out. During the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan, the Afghan government's foreign policy focused on the issue of instability in relations with Russian ambassadors, which is cited in the case of Ambassador N. Khanikov.

This article tells about the changes that took place in the textile industry in the upper part of Kashkadarya region during the years of independence, and about the work activities of joint enterprises established in cooperation with foreign partners. Facts about the contribution of joint ventures to the economic development of the country are presented.