This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the Republic of Uzbekistan's transport diplomacy in the railway sector. The research examines major infrastructure projects being implemented in 2024-2025, international cooperation mechanisms, and railway network modernization processes. Results demonstrate that Uzbekistan is actively participating in strategic projects such as the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan (CKU) Railway, Trans-Afghan Railway, and Trans-Caspian Route (Middle Corridor). In 2024, railways transported 73.9 million tons of cargo, and cargo volume along the Middle Corridor increased fivefold compared to 2019.