The article analyzes the issues of the formation and development of trade routes in the Khorezm region based on written sources and archaeological-topographical research. During the study, information from Arabic-Persian historical and geographical literature—particularly from authors such as al-Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal, al-Maqdisi, Yaqut al-Hamawi, and Ibn Battuta—was re-examined using the method of scientific comparison. The article also highlights the importance of caravan routes in regional and international trade relations, as well as Khorezm’s role in developing economic and cultural connections with Europe, the Near East, and the Volga region. By comparing written sources with new archaeological evidence, the article scientifically substantiates Khorezm’s central position in the international trade system during the Middle Ages.

Khorezm, trade routes, caravan route, Arabic-Persian sources, archaeological-topographical research, international trade, economic and cultural relations, Middle Ages.

Материалы по истории туркмен и Туркмении. Т.1 М. :-Л 1939

После Марко Пол.путешествия западных чужеземцев в страны трех Индии. М.Наука.1968

Cборник материалов, относящихся к истории Золотой Орды. В Тизенгаузена. Т.1- СПб, 1884.

Толстов С.П. Древний Хорезм. Опыт историко- археологического исследования. М.: МГУ, 1948

Шарофуддин Аи Йазди. Зафарнома. Тошкент 1997