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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-06-05-22
THE CARAVAN ROUTE SYSTEM BETWEEN THE KOKAND KHANATE AND EASTERN TURKESTAN IN THE 18TH–19TH CENTURIES AND ITS ROLE IN REGIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Abduvali Abduganiyevich Berdiyev ,Abstract
This article analyzes the formation and development of trade and economic relations between the Kokand Khanate, Eastern Turkestan, and Tashkent in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries based on historical sources. The study examines the transit of goods such as tea, silk, cotton, and other commodities transported from Eastern Turkestan through the Kokand Khanate to the Bukhara and Khiva Khanates, and highlights the role of this trade route in shaping the regional trade system of Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to the impact of Tashkent’s incorporation into the Kokand Khanate on the expansion of caravan routes, the development of trade infrastructure, and the growing economic influence of the Russian Empire in the region. The findings indicate that the Kokand Khanate functioned as an important transit and intermediary center within the Central Asian trade network, while caravan routes served as a key factor in the development of regional economic connections and integration processes.
Keywords
Kokand Khanate, Eastern Turkestan, Tashkent, caravan routes, Kokand–Kashgar trade relations, transit trade system, China trade, tea trade, silk trade, Central Asian trade networks, Muhammad Alikhan, Yunus Khoja, Chokan Valikhanov, A. G. Rotchev, regional economic integration.
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