Articles
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-06-05-40
THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF PRISONERS OF WAR IN TURKESTAN: INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN OVERSIGHT (1914–1918)
Jakhongir Ilkhomovich Tojiboyev ,Abstract
The article analyzes the social condition of prisoners of war in Turkestan during the First World War, the system of international humanitarian monitoring and camp regulations. The study relies on the Hague Convention of 1907, the activities of the Red Cross, neutral-state mediation, local archival records and memoir sources. It examines the distribution of prisoners, their division into Slavic and non-Slavic groups, differences in the treatment of German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners, differences in the living conditions of officers and lower ranks, censorship of correspondence, permission to live outside camps and issues of covert surveillance. The article concludes that the camp system in Turkestan should be interpreted as the result of a complex interaction between international humanitarian norms, imperial security policy and local administrative practices.
Keywords
Hague Convention, Red Cross, Turkestan, prisoners of war, social condition, camp regime, neutral states, censorship, officers, ethnic hierarchy.
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