After the conquest of the First Bulgarian Empire by Byzantium in 1018, the Bulgarians were under the rule of the Byzantine Empire for nearly two centuries. In addition, the boyars joined these struggles and spread widely. There were strong movements against the Asene movement and the Byzantine Empire on the Danube, the Black Sea and its foothills. After the war between Bulgaria and Byzantium, in 1186, Ivan Asen I crowned the new Second Bulgarian Kingdom in the city of Tarnova.

The Second Bulgarian Kingdom, which ruled from 1186 to 1396, was conquered by the Ottoman Turkish Sultans Murad I and Bayazid Yildirim and was under the rule of the Turkish Sultan for nearly five centuries. Socio-economic and cultural development continued in the Second Bulgarian Kingdom as well as in the First Bulgarian Kingdom. The growth of cities, the development of the new capital Tarnova into a strong fortress, the development of culture during the period of Ivan Alexander, and historians have compared this period to the cultural development during the period of Simeon I.

Tarnova, Tsar, Black

Литаврин Г.Г. Болгария и Византия в XI‒XII вв. М., 1960.

Безобразов П.В. История южных славян. М., 1889.

Он же. Образование Второго болгарского царства, Федора Успенского. Одесса, 1879 // ЖМНП. 1879. Ч. 204. С. 144‒348.

Горянов Б.Т. Борьба болгарского народа против византийского ига // История Болгарии. Т. 1. М., 1954. С 107‒122

Державин Н.С. История Болгарии. Т. 2. Болгария времени первого и второго царств (679‒1393). М.; Л., 1946

Он же. Борьба болгарского народа против византийского ига (XI–XII вв.). Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата исторических наук. М., 1954.