This study examines the legal and administrative foundations of political party activity in Iran from the Constitutional Revolution of the early twentieth century to the contemporary period. The research analyzes the evolution of constitutional provisions, legislative acts, state institutions, and administrative control mechanisms that have shaped the development of Iran’s party system. Particular attention is devoted to the legal basis of political pluralism during the Qajar era, the establishment of centralized state control over political parties under the Pahlavi monarchy, and the transformation of party politics within the constitutional and ideological framework of the Islamic Republic after the 1979 Revolution. The article also investigates the legal significance of the 1981 and 2016 Party Laws, the authority of the Article 10 Commission, procedures for party registration and financing, and the mechanisms of state supervision over political organizations. The findings demonstrate that the Iranian party system has developed as a distinctive institutional model in which political participation and competition are regulated through a combination of constitutional principles, administrative oversight, national security considerations, and the ideological foundations of the Islamic Republic.

Iran, political parties, party system, legal foundations, administrative governance, Constitutional Revolution, Pahlavi era, Islamic Revolution, Article 10 Commission, political pluralism, political institutions, party legislation.

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