This article examines the formation and development of humanistic ideas in Eastern philosophy through a comparative analysis of the philosophical views of Confucius, Buddha, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, and Avicenna. It explores the essence of humanistic principles associated with the spiritual and moral development of the individual, virtue, justice, knowledge, tolerance, social responsibility, and the pursuit of perfection. The study analyzes the common and distinctive features of these thinkers’ conceptions of human–society relations, moral virtues, and the ideal of the virtuous and perfect human being, while also substantiating their theoretical significance for the development of contemporary humanistic thought.

Eastern philosophy, humanism, Confucius, Buddha, al-Farabi, Avicenna, humaneness.

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