This article examines the institutional transformation of the healthcare system of Kashkadarya Region during 1991–2024 from a historical perspective. The legal and regulatory framework of the sector formed during the independence period is outlined in general terms, while the main focus is on 2010–2024, namely the dynamics of the medical workforce and its territorial distribution. The article also considers the financial incentives for medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) and the measures adopted in 2024 to advance the healthcare system of Kashkadarya Region to a new stage. The analysis shows that the number of doctors in the region generally increased in 2010–2024, but a considerable share of the medical workforce is concentrated in the regional centre and territorial imbalances in its distribution persist.

Kashkadarya Region, healthcare, institutional transformation, medical services, medical workforce, primary healthcare, specialized medicine, COVID-19, medical infrastructure, historical analysis.

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