This article provides information about the internal conflict and civil war in Syria, the activities of militant Islamic groups in internal conflicts, their relations, and their consequences. Analytical information about how these groups and organizations are organized and what their goals are is provided.

The Syrian uprising, the armed Islamic opposition, the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, Jabhat al-Nusra (Hayat Tahrir al-Sham), Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki (NZD), Jaish al-Islam, Failaq al- Rahman, Ahrar al-Sham, Hurras al-Din (HaD), Free Syrian Police

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria”, February 01, 2012, https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/01/muslim-brotherhood-in-syria

Raphaël Lefèvre, The Muslim Brotherhood Prepares for a Comeback in Syria. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, 2013. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/ceip/0028223/index.html

Thomas Joscelyn, “Al Qaeda and allies announce ‘new entity’ in Syria”, Long War Journal, January 28, 2017. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/liwa-al-haqq

Hassan Hassan, “Jabhat Al Nusra and Al Qaeda: The Riddle, the Ruse and the Reality,” The National, November 1, 2017. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/hayat-tahrir-al-sham

Seth Jones et al., “Al Qaeda’s Struggling Campaign in Syria”, Washington, DC: CSIS, April 2018, https://www.csis.org/analysis/al-qaedas-struggling-campaign-syria

Charles Lister, “How al-Qa’ida Lost Control of its Syrian Affiliate: The Inside Story,” CTC Sentinel 11, issue 2, February 2018, https://ctc.usma.edu/al-qaida-lost-control-syrian-affiliate-inside-story/

Mapping Militant Organizations. “Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham.” Stanford University. Last modified June 2021. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/hay’-tahrir-al-sham

Center for Strategic and International Studies, Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), TNT Terrorism Backgrounder, 2018, https://www.csis.org/programs/transnational-threats-project/past-projects/terrorism-backgrounders/hayat-tahrir-al-sham

Hosam al-Jablawi, “Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement: How a Once Moderate Group Joined Fateh al-Sham”, Atlantic Council, February 17, 2017, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/nour-al-din-al-zenki-movement-how-a-once-moderate-group-joined-fateh-al-sham/

Mapping Militant Organizations. “Jaysh al-Islam.” Stanford University. Last modified March 2019. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/jaysh-al-islam

“Syrian Brotherhood not seeking to form alliance with Ahrar Al-Sham”, Middle East Monitor, August 26, 2015, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20150826-syrian-brotherhood-not-seeking-to-form-alliance-with-ahrar-al-sham/

Mapping Militant Organizations. “Ahrar al-Sham.” Stanford University. Last modified March 2022. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/ahrar-al-sham

Aaron Y. Zelin, “Huras al-Din: The Overlooked al-Qaeda Group in Syria”, Washington Institute, Sep 24, 2019, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/huras-al-din-overlooked-al-qaeda-group-syria

Khaled al-Khateb, “Is Al-Qaeda affiliate expanding attacks beyond Syrian town of Idlib?” Al-Monitor, January 11, 2021, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/01/syria-hurras-al-din-idlib-raqqa-attack-islamic-state.html#ixzz7kWGk3qkJ

Harun al-Aswad, “Syrian Free Police disband following HTS militant takeover in Idlib”, Middle East Eye, 16 January 2019, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/syrian-free-police-disband-following-hts-militant-takeover-idlib

Mona Yacoubian, “A Month After U.S. Withdrawal, What is the State of Play in Syria?” United States Institute of Peace, November 7, 2019. https://www.usip.org/publications/2019/11/month-after-us-withdrawal-what-state-play-syria

Karimov, F. E. (2022). CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO SOLVING ETHNIC PROBLEMS. Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan, 2(05), 20-28. https://topjournals.uz/index.php/jsru/article/view/99

BBC News, “Faylaq al-Rahman”, 22 February 2018, https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/c1douzrw; Bassem Mroue, “Thousands of well-armed rebel fighters are in Syria’s Ghouta”, Associated Press, February 28, 2018.

Carnegie Middle East Center, “No More ‘Hama Rules’”, September 19, 2016, https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64609

KARIMOV, F. (2020). The issue of ethnic kurdish people in the middle east: history of origin and evolution. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (09752366), 12(2). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A4%3A15135332/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A155598045&crl=c