This article examines the issues of irrigation technology and water use in the Kashkadarya oasis. From early iron age and ancient times, the peasants of the Kashkadarya oasis widely utilized tapes, trees, boards, and khokbands in agriculture, which served as unique, simple water structures and engineering devices. These methods were comparatively analyzed and identified. Additionally, among ancient water measurement techniques, the experience gained from kunbai, tubular, and jug irrigation systems demonstrated notable accuracy compared to other methods, approaching scientific (innovative) irrigation practices. It is clearly indicated that studying these historical experimental methods also helped reveal certain issues in the analysis of the social and economic history, as well as the history of oasis irrigation, of that period.

This article examines tolerance as a norm of compatibility in a world of diversity – a path on which diversity policy serves as a key line of social and personal development. It said that working in a world of diversity requires creating a strategy and tactics that go towards a culture of diversity. In addition, in these situations, the ideology and philosophy of tolerance act as a factor that will help us be tolerant and humane in our personal and social actions.

"Provisional Rules for the Administration of Zarafshan Province" approved on June 28, 1868 after the occupation of the Middle Zarafshan Oasis by the Russian Empire. The colonial administration in Zarafshan Province was in force until 1886, as well as in the introduction of colonial administration. effective solution" is a legal document. "Temporary Regulations" is an important resource for the history of the region, and as a result of its study and analysis from the point of view of source studies, valuable information was obtained about how different spheres of life of the Zarafshan province existed in the years 1868-1886 (what was the initial state) at the time of the establishment of the province. can be obtained.

This article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation of the civil service system in Uzbekistan. Reforms in the field of civil service include training personnel who meet the requirements of the times, placing them in appropriate positions, and improving their professional skills. The Law "On Civil Service", adopted in 2022, defined the rights, obligations, and social guarantees of civil servants and supplemented the legal framework. In particular, measures were proposed to create professional tests that are appropriate to the specific characteristics of the position, increase transparency in the selection process, and prevent conflicts of interest. The importance of introducing gamification and case studies in the personnel selection process is also indicated. The practical application of these proposals will serve to increase the efficiency of public administration and ensure the competitiveness of the personnel selection process.

In the article, the customs policy, customs system, trade relations of the Russian Empire in the territory of Turkestan, documents related to the activities of the customs in Turkestan, documents and compilations, reports and statistical collections kept in the archives and their internal structure were studied.

This paper delves into the metaphysical concepts of "Mabda'" (origin) and "Ma'ad" (return) as articulated in the philosophy of Aziz Nasafi, a prominent figure in medieval Islamic thought. Nasafi’s exploration of Mabda' and Ma'ad encompasses profound insights into the origins of existence, the journey of the soul, and its ultimate return to the divine source. Drawing on primary sources and scholarly interpretations, this article analyzes Nasafi’s metaphysical framework, highlighting the interplay between cosmology, ontology, and eschatology in understanding human existence within the divine order. This article serves to deepen our understanding of Aziz Nasafi’s metaphysical concepts of Mabda' and Ma'ad, highlighting their significance in Islamic philosophical thought and their implications for understanding the nature of existence and the spiritual journey of the soul.

In this article, an attempt was made to show the transition of social life to the path of peaceful construction as a result of the end of the Second World War with the victory of the Soviet Union, based on the state of the education system of Kashkadarya region. The achievements and shortcomings of the regional education system were highlighted on the basis of several periodicals and archival data.

This article is devoted to the activities of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation as one of the main types of "actors" in world politics and economics after states. It presents the history and typology of this organization, as well as their functions and role in world politics, in ensuring peace, security and sustainable development of States.

this article highlights the measures taken by Ahmad Arabi, considered one of the leaders of the Egyptian national-liberation movement against foreign colonists and the oppression of the Ottoman Turks, to preserve the country, change the political system in the state and democratize governance. Also in this scientific work, the details of the actions of the resistance of the Egyptian people against the colonists, the work carried out in the way of ensuring the defense are covered in detail.

This article is about one of the most important aspects of life of any nation - adaptation to natural conditions. As a rule, the ancestors of the Karakalpaks always preferred to settle in delta zones and river mouths. In this regard, the Karakalpaks lived at the mouth of the Volga and Ural, Emba, Syr Darya and Amu Darya. All this was reflected not only in their memory, but also in folk ornamentation depicting the element of water. This article reflects the types of Karakalpak settlements in the Amu Darya delta and the Southern Aral Sea region according to their location and nomadism according to the tribal principle. It also describes how natural features, flora and fauna conditions influenced the economy of this people and how traditional settlements of auls were formed and by what principle traditional dwellings were built.

The article provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the ideological and conceptual foundations, goals and objectives of military patriotism, the role, goals and objectives of noble ideas in educating young people in the spirit of military patriotism, and identifies retrospective and modern interpretations of the noble cause carried out in this area in New Uzbekistan.

This article will discuss the importance, advantages of digitization in political technology and public administration, as well as the problems associated with this process and their solutions. Digitization helps to improve efficiency, transparency and communication with citizens in public administration. At the same time, cyber security threats and the need to improve the technological infrastructure will also rise.

In this article, during the years of independence, the reforms carried out in Uzbekistan to increase the social and political activity of women and the reforms carried out in support of women are analyzed historically, and the necessary suggestions and recommendations are given.

Youth as the future of a nation plays a decisive role in shaping the political life of the country. In Uzbekistan, as in many other countries, raising the level of political consciousness among young people is an urgent issue. This means not only teaching the basics of politics, but also developing critical thinking, an active civic position and participation in social life. This article analyzes the process of political modernization in society and the fact that improving the political and legal consciousness of young people in this process is an urgent issue.

This article discusses the industrial cooperation of Uzbekistan with Asian countries during the years of independence and its results. Information on the economic cooperation of Uzbekistan with countries such as Japan, South Korea and Malaysia is summarized.

This topic explores the modern Uzbek diaspora’s cultural identity, institutional support, and psychological adaptation in host countries. It highlights how Uzbeks preserve traditions, language, and religion while facing generational shifts and assimilation pressures. Institutionally, it examines Uzbekistan’s engagement with its diaspora, such as the El-Yurt Umidi Foundation, and the role of informal networks in addressing gaps in host-country support systems. Social-psychologically, it addresses mental health challenges, acculturation, and resilience through community networks. The study provides valuable insights into identity preservation, transnationalism, and the socio-cultural dynamics of migration.

This article deals with the specific functions of political consciousness and political culture, their development, components of political culture, the influence of globalization processes on political culture, features of people’s political culture, the influence of the media, the Internet and social networks on political culture. of the people of the country, the role of political culture. It has been determined that special attention to the development of political culture in the minds of modern youth is the foundation of the future of the country.

This article examines the problems of vocational guidance and improvement of youth in Uzbekistan. Taking into account the rapid development of the economy and the changing needs of the labor market, the relevance of directing young people to appropriate professions is of particular importance. The study includes an analysis of existing vocational education programs, as well as methods and approaches used to raise awareness of young people about career opportunities. Particular attention is paid to the role of state bodies, educational organizations and business entities in the process of vocational guidance. In conclusion, recommendations are given on improving the system of vocational guidance and assistance to young people in choosing a profession, which will serve to more effectively use the human resources potential of our country.

This article examines the concept of "modernization" in a broad sense, highlighting the economic, social, cultural and political aspects of this process. Modernization is interpreted as the process of introducing innovations in various spheres of society in order to achieve modernity, bringing it to new stages of development. The origin of this term is associated with the scientific and technical development of European society in the 18th century, and by the middle of the 20th century it acquired scientific and theoretical significance. The author analyzes the modernization process through various theoretical and methodological approaches, especially studying its impact on the political system and social changes. The need for progressive reforms for the economic and political modernization of society is indicated, and it is said that such factors as the transition from authoritarian to democratic systems, economic development and the introduction of various innovations are of great importance in this process.

The article also describes the historical stages of the modernization process: the contribution of Western scholars to its development in European and North American countries, the rapid development of modernization in the 1950s-1960s and its subsequent critical reception. Using the example of Uzbekistan, the article highlights the difficulties encountered in the modernization of society, in particular, the complexities of the transition period. The differences between the political and social significance of modernization in Western and Eastern countries are studied, and the role of each approach in preserving national identity and values ​​is analyzed.

this article deals with the basic principles of evaluation and verification of things(items) and documents found as a result of investigative measures in the criminal process, as well as the grounds for finding evidence obtained as a result of investigative actions as acceptable or unacceptable, as well as the conducted investigative actions. The legality of the evidence found during the investigation and the investigation of criminal cases from this evidence.