This study examines the nuances of kinship terminology, with particular attention to suppletive relations and gender distinctions across different languages, especially Uzbek. Kinship terms, deeply rooted in social structures and cultural norms, serve as linguistic markers of social roles, age, and gender distinctions. Suppletion, in which semantically related terms derive from different lexical roots, reveals the complexity and diversity inherent in linguistic systems. By exploring functional-semantic paradigms, this research classifies kinship terms based on their relation to age, gender, and generational hierarchy. The study identifies patterns of masculine, feminine, and gender-neutral usage, demonstrating both universal linguistic tendencies and culture-specific variations. Special attention is given to how these terms reflect societal gender dynamics and their historical evolution within linguistic systems. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of linguistic phenomena such as synonymy, suppletion, and semantic change. By examining kinship terminology within its sociocultural context, the research highlights the dynamic interaction between language and social norms. This study not only enriches comparative linguistics and sociolinguistics but also deepens our understanding of how languages adapt to express complex social relationships.

Kinship terminology, Suppletive relations, Gender differences, Functional-semantic paradigms, Comparative linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Semantic change, Linguistic anthropology, Uzbek language, Gender-neutral terms.

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